Downstream Ir
100 A
Calculadora de coordinación de protecciones y selectividad
Verifique si un interruptor aguas arriba y otro aguas abajo logran selectividad a una corriente de falla dada, consulte el margen de gradación y visualice una curva ilustrativa de tiempo-corriente (TCC).
Resultado
Ingrese su carga → obtenga un diseño completo y BOM en segundos
Salida de ejemploSelectivity at 15.0 kA
PARTIAL ⚠
Downstream trips at 0.01 s · upstream at 0.10 s · margin 0.09 s
Upstream Ir
250 A
Grading margin
0.09 s
Requirement
≥ 0.2 s
TCC curves
Trip-time calculation
| Downstream thermal pick-up | Ir_d = 100 A × 1 = 100 A |
| Downstream instantaneous | Im_d = 100 A × 10 = 1000 A (Isc ≥ Im, instantaneous trip) |
| Upstream thermal pick-up | Ir_u = 250 A × 1 = 250 A |
| Trip time @ Isc | t_down = 0.01 s · t_up = 0.10 s · margin = 0.09 s |
Recommendation
Increase the upstream short-time delay to ≥ 0.21 s (or use an energy-selective / current-limiting combination).
Bill of materials
| Equipment | Spec | Qty | Subtotal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Downstream MCCB | 100 A · Ir 100 A · Im 1000 A (10×) | 1 | POA |
| Upstream ACB/MCCB | 250 A · Ir 250 A · Im 2500 A (10×) · Tsd 0.1 s | 1 | POA |
| Total equipment (switchgear) | POA |
Para ingenieros de protecciones y diseñadores de aparamenta que coordinan interruptores automáticos y relés de baja tensión para que solo dispare el interruptor más cercano a la falla.
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Ejemplo resuelto
Un ejemplo de referencia precalculado (indexable — no requiere JavaScript). Introduzca sus propios parámetros arriba para obtener un resultado en vivo.
Ejemplo 1 — 100 A aguas abajo, 250 A aguas arriba, falla de 15 kA
Selectivity at 15.0 kA
PARTIAL ⚠
Downstream trips at 0.01 s · upstream at 0.10 s · margin 0.09 s
Downstream Ir
100 A
Upstream Ir
250 A
Grading margin
0.09 s
Requirement
≥ 0.2 s
TCC curves
Trip-time calculation
| Downstream thermal pick-up | Ir_d = 100 A × 1 = 100 A |
| Downstream instantaneous | Im_d = 100 A × 10 = 1000 A (Isc ≥ Im, instantaneous trip) |
| Upstream thermal pick-up | Ir_u = 250 A × 1 = 250 A |
| Trip time @ Isc | t_down = 0.01 s · t_up = 0.10 s · margin = 0.09 s |
Recommendation
Increase the upstream short-time delay to ≥ 0.21 s (or use an energy-selective / current-limiting combination).
Bill of materials
| Equipment | Spec | Qty | Subtotal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Downstream MCCB | 100 A · Ir 100 A · Im 1000 A (10×) | 1 | POA |
| Upstream ACB/MCCB | 250 A · Ir 250 A · Im 2500 A (10×) · Tsd 0.1 s | 1 | POA |
| Total equipment (switchgear) | POA |
Ejemplo 2 — solapamiento magnético, falla de 30 kA
Selectivity at 30.0 kA
PARTIAL ⚠
Downstream trips at 0.01 s · upstream at 0.10 s · margin 0.09 s
Downstream Ir
100 A
Upstream Ir
250 A
Grading margin
0.09 s
Requirement
≥ 0.2 s
TCC curves
Trip-time calculation
| Downstream thermal pick-up | Ir_d = 100 A × 1 = 100 A |
| Downstream instantaneous | Im_d = 100 A × 10 = 1000 A (Isc ≥ Im, instantaneous trip) |
| Upstream thermal pick-up | Ir_u = 250 A × 1 = 250 A |
| Trip time @ Isc | t_down = 0.01 s · t_up = 0.10 s · margin = 0.09 s |
Recommendation
Increase the upstream short-time delay to ≥ 0.21 s (or use an energy-selective / current-limiting combination).
Bill of materials
| Equipment | Spec | Qty | Subtotal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Downstream MCCB | 100 A · Ir 100 A · Im 1000 A (10×) | 1 | POA |
| Upstream ACB/MCCB | 250 A · Ir 250 A · Im 1250 A (5×) · Tsd 0.1 s | 1 | POA |
| Total equipment (switchgear) | POA |
Cómo se calculó
- · Disparo térmico: Ir = In × tr.
- · Disparo instantáneo: Im = In × im.
- · Disparo de tiempo inverso (región térmica): t = 36 · T6 ÷ (I ÷ Ir)².
- · Disparo aguas abajo a Isc: instantáneo 0.01 s si Isc ≥ Im, de lo contrario el tiempo térmico.
- · Selectividad: margen de gradación = t_up − t_down ≥ 0.2 s (selectividad total).
Normas referenciadas
| Standard | Scope |
|---|---|
| IEC 60947-2 | Aparamenta de baja tensión — interruptores automáticos |
| IEEE 242 | Práctica recomendada para la protección y coordinación de sistemas de potencia industriales y comerciales (Buff Book) |
| IEC 60255-151 | Relés de medición y equipos de protección — protección de sobrecorriente/subcorriente |
| GB/T 14048.2 | Aparamenta de baja tensión — interruptores automáticos |
Preguntas frecuentes
What is protection coordination and selectivity?
Coordination ensures the breaker closest to a fault trips first, so a downstream fault does not de-energize the whole feeder. Selectivity is achieved by time grading (upstream breaker delays) or current grading. The calculator checks the grading margin between series breakers and plots TCC curves.
What grading margin should I maintain between breakers?
Keep a time grading margin of 0.2-0.4 s between upstream and downstream breakers so the downstream clears first. The upstream trip time must exceed the downstream clearing time plus a safety margin covering breaker tolerance and relay error. The calculator checks this margin on the TCC curves.
What does a TCC curve show?
A time-current characteristic (TCC) curve plots trip time versus Fault Current for a protection device. Plotting upstream and downstream TCCs on one graph shows whether they are selective — the downstream curve must stay left of (below) the upstream curve across the fault range. The calculator renders the curves for the configured devices.
How do I coordinate a fuse with a breaker?
The fuse must clear faster than the breaker upstream for faults above the crossover current, and the breaker must protect for lower currents. Coordination is checked on the TCC plot — the fuse curve stays below the breaker curve up to the maximum fault level. The calculator compares the two characteristics.
What protection does a transformer feeder need?
A Transformer feeder needs overcurrent (50/51), earth fault (50N/51N), and for MV transformers, differential (87) and restricted earth fault for larger units, plus overload (49). The calculator focuses on the overcurrent and earth-fault grading between the feeder and downstream breakers.
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