5MW 矿山供电系统（2026年第三季度中国供应商价格）
5 MW Mining Power System Cost Breakdown (Q3 2026 China Supplier Pricing) — itemized bill of materials and FOB pricing for a typical configuration.
Estimated total (FOB): $805,825 · 5000 kVA transformer
Bill of materials
| Item | Specification | Qty | Price (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| HV incoming panel (KYN28A-12-630-315) | 630 A / 31.5 kA · vacuum | 1 | $2,448 |
| Main transformer (S13-M-5000/10) | 5000 kVA · Oil-Immersed · Copper · S13 | 1 | $51,399 |
| LV incoming panel (MNS (drawer type)) | 4000 A busbar · In 7217 A | 1 | $13,273 |
| LV feeder panel (×4) (MNS (drawer type)) | distributes 19 circuits | 4 | $53,092 |
| Cable branch box (LV) (DFW-0.4) | 1-in / 4-out · 0.4 kV · 630 A | 4 | $2,520 |
| Main feeder cable (TX→LV) (YJV 0.6/1kV 300 mm² ×16) | 16× 300 mm² Cu · ΔU 1.76% @ 120 m · $154.0/m | 16 | $295,680 |
| Main feeder (custom/dual busway) (Busway > 6300 A) | LV current 7217 A exceeds the largest standard busway (6300 A) — custom busway or dual-run busway required; shown as parallel cables below | 1 | POA |
| Feeder cable — Crusher 1 (×19) (YJV 150 mm²) | 150 mm² Cu · 285 A · ΔU 2.2% · $86.0/m | 19 | $196,080 |
| Branch trunk cable (LV → branch box 1) (YJV 240 mm² ×3) | 3× 240 mm² Cu · 1140 A · ΔU 1.9% · $123.0/m | 3 | $44,280 |
| Branch trunk cable (LV → branch box 2) (YJV 240 mm² ×3) | 3× 240 mm² Cu · 1140 A · ΔU 1.9% · $123.0/m | 3 | $44,280 |
| Branch trunk cable (LV → branch box 3) (YJV 240 mm² ×3) | 3× 240 mm² Cu · 1140 A · ΔU 1.9% · $123.0/m | 3 | $44,280 |
| Branch trunk cable (LV → branch box 4) (YJV 300 mm² ×2) | 2× 300 mm² Cu · 855 A · ΔU 1.7% · $154.0/m | 2 | $36,960 |
| Main busbar (Cu) (Cu 125×10) | 125×10 · 2500 A rating · ref $147.8/m | included | POA |
| Grounding electrode (Φ20mm × 2.5m rod) | R₁ 39.6 Ω → 13 rod(s) ≤ 4 Ω | 13 | $125 |
| Soft starter cabinet (largest motor) (1500 kW) | Soft starter (3.0× In) · start dip 5.6% | 1 | $6,600 |
| Detuned PFC capacitor bank (1421 kvar) | automatic · 7% detuned · 0.4 kV | 1 | $10,800 |
| Series detuning reactor (7%) (99.5 kvar) | 189 Hz tuning · below 5th harmonic | 1 | $4,009 |
| Active harmonic filter (APF) (547 A) | VFD harmonic mitigation (40% VFD load) · GB/T 14549 | 1 | POA |
Single-line diagram
How it was calculated
- Crushers: 4 × 250 kW = 1,000 kW
- Hoists: 1 × 1,500 kW = 1,500 kW
- Ventilation fans: 6 × 160 kW = 960 kW
- Conveyors: 8 × 90 kW = 720 kW
- Connected load = 4,180 kW → demand = 4,180 × 0.7 = 2,926 kW
- Altitude derating: 1500 m → factor 0.97 → effective load = 2,926 ÷ 0.97 = 3,001 kW
- Largest motor start (motor-starting): 1500 kW ÷ (0.90×0.85) × 3.0 = 5,882 kVA → dip = 5.6% vs limit 15%
- Reactive compensation: Qc = 3,001 × (tanφ₁ − tanφ₂) = 1,421 kvar
- VFD harmonics: 40% VFD load → Ih = 547 A (30% THDi) · 7% detuned reactor
- Loads: P=3,001 kW, PF 0.80, 19 circuits
- Demand: 3,001 × 1 = 3,001 kW
- Transformer: S = 3,001 ÷ 0.95 = 3158.9 kVA → 5,000 kVA standard
成本敏感因素
- 设备 — 变压器/开关柜/逆变器是最大单项。
- 储能 — 电池是最大变量。
- 铜价与运费 — 铜价联动线缆与运费使到岸成本 ±5–10% 波动。
常见问题
海拔如何影响变压器和开关柜的额定值？
海拔 1000 m 以上空气稀薄，散热和绝缘强度下降。变压器约每升高 100 m 降容 0.5%，开关柜类似。1500 m 站场约降 2.5%，3000 m 约降 10%。计算器按 IEC 60076 与 IEC 62271 对所选变压器和开关柜施加海拔降容。
井下矿山供电的典型电压是多少？
井下矿山以 10 kV 或 6 kV 配电入井，再降压到 1.14 kV 或 0.66 kV 供破碎机、提升机和输送机，0.4 kV 供辅助。长电缆和电机启动宜用较高低压等级。计算器以 10/0.4 kV 地面厂区建模，并对提升机、破碎机做启动压降校核。
矿井提升机为什么需要特殊启动考虑？
矿井提升机（常 500 kW-3 MW）直接启动电流为额定 5-7 倍，可使井下母线跌到 85% 以下并跳掉其他传动。软启动或变频可限制冲击，变压器须按启动 kVA 选型。计算器校核最大电机的压降并据此选供电。
矿山变频器的谐波如何处理？
变频负载占 40% 时 THDi 可超 20%，需配 7% 去谐电容器组或 APF 以满足 IEEE 519（PCC 处 5% THD）。计算器按变频占比配置无功补偿与去谐；重粉尘工况还需 IP54 及以上外壳。
矿山厂区该取多大需用系数？
破碎机、提升机、风机和输送机不会同时达峰，需用系数典型 0.6-0.75。250 kW 破碎机 + 500 kW 提升机 + 160 kW 风机 + 90 kW 输送机的 1600+ kW 装机很少同时超过 60-70%。计算器在选变压器 kVA 前套用 kd。
矿山开关柜需要什么外壳与防护？
矿山开关柜须防尘防潮：地面厂区 IP54/IP55，井下含瓦斯矿井用隔爆 Ex d（IEC 60079）。重粉尘缩短爬电距离，故需加大电气间隙并采用耐漏电绝缘。计算器按粉尘等级在 BOM 中标注对应外壳等级。