Calculadora de sistemas eléctricos para campos petrolíferos
Dimensione la distribución eléctrica para un campo petrolífero remoto — cargas de bombas de balancín, bombas de inyección y motores ESP, configuración de subestación prefabricada tipo caja, verificación de caída de tensión en el arranque de motores y opción fuera de red.
Las cargas de los campos petrolíferos están ampliamente distribuidas y a menudo fuera de red, por lo que la arquitectura adecuada es una subestación prefabricada (tipo caja) por cada grupo con alimentadores de BT cortos. Esta calculadora agrega bombas de balancín, bombas de inyección y motores ESP, aplica un factor de demanda, verifica la caída de tensión en el arranque del motor más grande y configura la subestación tipo caja — solo el lado eléctrico.
ESP soft-start + speed control · downhole pump protection
5
📐 Single-line diagram
⚙️ Electrical schematic (protection & metering)
⛳ Grounding grid layout
🔌 Cable schedule & routing
🗄 Switchgear arrangement
🛡 Protection configuration
📋 Protection settings
Circuit
Protection
Setting
Time
Standard
HV incoming 10 kV
50 instantaneous
924 A
inst
IEC 60255-151 / IEEE 242
HV incoming 10 kV
51 overcurrent
139 A
0.5 s
IEC 60255-151 / IEEE 242
HV incoming 10 kV
51N earth-fault
23 A
0.5 s
IEC 60364-4-41
Transformer 2000 kVA
87 differential
23 A
inst
IEEE C37.91 / GB/T 14285
Transformer 2000 kVA
49 thermal overload
86% of rated
alarm 90%
IEC 60076-7 / IEEE C57.91
LV incoming 0.4 kV
50 instantaneous
23094 A
inst
IEC 60947-2
LV incoming 0.4 kV
51 overcurrent
3464 A
0.3 s
IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
LV incoming 0.4 kV
51N earth-fault
577 A
0.3 s
IEC 60364-4-41
Beam pump 1
50/51/51N (MCCB)
Ir 141 A - Im 1026 A - Ig 26 A
0.1 s (grading)
IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Beam pump 2
50/51/51N (MCCB)
Ir 141 A - Im 1026 A - Ig 26 A
0.1 s (grading)
IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Beam pump 3
50/51/51N (MCCB)
Ir 141 A - Im 1026 A - Ig 26 A
0.1 s (grading)
IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Beam pump 4
50/51/51N (MCCB)
Ir 141 A - Im 1026 A - Ig 26 A
0.1 s (grading)
IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Beam pump 5
50/51/51N (MCCB)
Ir 141 A - Im 1026 A - Ig 26 A
0.1 s (grading)
IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Beam pump 6
50/51/51N (MCCB)
Ir 141 A - Im 1026 A - Ig 26 A
0.1 s (grading)
IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
+23 more feeders
50/51/51N (MCCB)
per feeder load
0.1 s (grading)
IEC 60947-2
Settings are illustrative starting points — confirm with a protection coordination study per IEC 60255 / IEEE 242.
📚 Calculation book
CALCULATION BOOK
2000 kVA - 10kV/0.4kV - single - illustrative
1. Load calculation
Standard: IEC 60076 - IEC 60364-5-52
Parameter
Formula
Value
Connected load
P = sum(kW)
2,190 kW
Demand factor
Kd
0.75
Demand power
Pd = P x Kd
1,643 kW
Power factor
cos(phi) before -> after
0.85 -> 0.95
Design apparent power
Sd = Pd / cos(phi)
1,729 kVA
Transformer loading
Sd / Srated
86%
2. Short-circuit calculation
Standard: IEC 60909
Parameter
Formula
Value
System impedance (pu)
Zs = S / Ssc
0.80% (on 2000 kVA base)
Transformer impedance
Zt = Z%
4%
Total impedance
Z = Zt + Zs
4.80%
LV prospective Isc
Isc = In / Z
60.1 kA
HV prospective Isc
Isc = Ssc / (sqrt(3) x V)
14.4 kA
Breaking check
Icu >= Isc
LV 65 kA (1.1x margin) PASS
3. Voltage drop
Standard: IEC 60364-5-52 Annex G
Parameter
Formula
Value
Main feeder
dU = sqrt(3) x I x L x R / V
240 mm2 - dU 2.01% @ 120 m
Limit
max 3%
within limit
Transformer volt. reg.
dU ~ loading x Z% x sin(phi)
1.1% at full load
4. Reactive power / harmonics
Standard: IEC 61921 (PFC) - IEEE 519 (harmonics)
Parameter
Formula
Value
Required compensation
Qc = Pd x (tan1 - tan2)
478 kvar
PFC bank
standard step
500 kvar
Detuned reactor
p = 6%
30.0 kvar @ 6% (anti-resonance)
5. Grounding
Standard: IEC 60364-5-54 earthing arrangements and protective conductors LV earthing target 10 ohm (TN systems); 4 ohm used as a conservative design target - target 4 ohm
Parameter
Formula
Value
Single rod resistance
R1 = rho/(2 x pi x L) x ln(4L/d)
39.6 ohm
Rods required
n = R1 / (target x 0.8)
13 rod(s) <= 4 ohm
Rod spec
dia x length
20 mm x 2.5 m
This calculation book is illustrative it consolidates the computed values with the referenced standards. A licensed engineer must verify and seal final design documents for construction.
Cable & grounding pricing:Cable conductors and grounding are priced from the confirmed cables-trays-grounding price reference (per-metre copper YJV; aluminium remains POA). The main copper busbar is POA — its length is project-specific.
Busway (high-current feeders):LV current 2887 A exceeds the 2500 A busbar limit — a 4000 A busway trunking system is specified instead of parallel cables.
Motor starting:Largest motor 250 kW started Soft starter draws a 2.3% bus dip (within the 15% limit).
Distributed load:Oilfield loads are widely distributed — an oil-immersed transformer substation per cluster keeps LV feeders short and reduces cable cost.
Off-grid:Grid-connected: supply via 10 kV overhead/feeder line.
Injection pump & ESP drives:High-pressure injection pumps use soft starters with overload/underload protection; ESP motors use variable-frequency drives for soft starting and production-rate control — quoted per project.
Scope:Electrical power side only — mechanical/petroleum engineering (API wellhead/rod-pump specs) is outside this calculator.
Cómo se calculó
Cómo funciona el dimensionamiento
Carga conectada = Σ (unidades × kW por unidad). Potencia de demanda P = conectada × factor de demanda. La potencia de arranque en kVA del motor más grande = P ÷ (η·cosφ) × kst; la caída de tensión resultante en la barra = Sstart ÷ (Sstart + Ssc), verificada contra un límite del 15%. El transformador de la subestación tipo caja se dimensiona entonces al factor de potencia objetivo.
Normas aplicables
El dimensionamiento hace referencia a GB/T 17467 e IEC 62271 (subestaciones prefabricadas), IEC 60034 (máquinas rotativas) y GB 50052 (diseño de suministro eléctrico).
Preguntas frecuentes
What voltage do oilfield beam-pump motors run at?
Beam-pump (pumping unit) motors are typically 0.4 kV for units under 45 kW and 0.66 kV or 1.14 kV for larger units to cut cable losses across widely dispersed wells. A 37 kW unit uses 0.4 kV; wells spread over 1-2 km favour a 10/0.66 kV or 10/1.14 kV distribution with a pad-mounted Substation per cluster.
Why do oilfield motors need soft-start?
Direct-on-line starting draws 5-7 times rated current and can dip the weak, long feeder voltage below 85%, stalling adjacent pumps. Soft starters limit starting current to 2.5-3.5 times and ramp torque over 10-30 seconds. This matters on off-grid or long radial oilfield feeders; the calculator checks motor-starting voltage dip and recommends soft-start or VFD.
What is an ESP and how is it powered?
An electrical submersible pump (ESP) is a downhole centrifugal pump driven by a submersible motor, fed from a step-up Transformer and VFD at surface. A typical 90 kW ESP runs on a dedicated 10/0.66-3.3 kV feed through a variable-speed drive that matches pump speed to well inflow. ESPs are sensitive to voltage quality, so harmonic and dip control matter.
When is an off-grid power system right for an oilfield?
Off-grid (diesel or gas generator plus storage) suits remote wells where a grid connection would cost more than roughly $20,000-50,000 per km of line. Typical off-grid oilfield loads are 50-500 kW. Gas-driven generation using associated gas can cut fuel cost 60-80% versus diesel; the calculator prices an off-grid option alongside the grid-fed case.
What demand factor applies to a multi-well oilfield?
A multi-well oilfield with 20 pumping units rarely runs all motors simultaneously at full load; a demand factor of 0.7-0.8 is typical. Injection and ESP loads are more continuous, running 0.8-0.9. The calculator uses 0.75 by default and lets you adjust per site, preventing a 25-35% transformer oversize.
What standards govern oilfield box substations?
Pad-mounted and box-type substations for oilfields follow GB/T 17467 (prefabricated substations) and IEC 62271-202 (high-voltage/low-voltage prefabricated substations), with explosion-proof or weatherproof enclosures per the hazardous-area classification. Transformers follow IEC 60076; the calculator's BOM cites the applicable standard basis for each selected item.
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Los resultados son estimaciones de ingeniería para referencia. El diseño final debe ser confirmado por un ingeniero local autorizado según las condiciones del sitio y los códigos aplicables. Los precios son FOB Qingdao (EXW) y no incluyen flete, aranceles ni instalación.
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