Overall demand factor
72%
Calculadora de Cálculo de Carga y Demanda
Construya un cuadro de cargas a partir de cargas conectadas y factores de demanda, luego derive la demanda calculada (kW/kVA), la corriente de demanda y una capacidad de transformador recomendada.
Resultado
Ingrese su carga → obtenga un diseño completo y BOM en segundos
Salida de ejemploCalculated demand load
83.2 kW
97.9 kVA at PF 0.85 · connected 145.0 kW · Ks 0.8
Demand current
141 A
Transformer
160 kVA
Load factor
61%
Load schedule
| Load group | Connected kW | Demand factor | Demand kW |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lighting | 20.0 | 90% | 18.0 |
| HVAC / air conditioning | 40.0 | 80% | 32.0 |
| Motors & pumps | 60.0 | 70% | 42.0 |
| Sockets / general purpose | 15.0 | 40% | 6.0 |
| Other / special loads | 10.0 | 60% | 6.0 |
| Subtotal (diversified) | 145.0 | 104.0 | |
| Demand load (× Ks 0.8) | 83.2 kW |
Result
| Demand kVA | 83.2 kW ÷ 0.85 = 97.9 kVA |
| Demand current | 97.9 kVA ÷ (√3 × 0.4 kV) = 141 A |
| Recommended transformer | 97.9 kVA ÷ 0.8 = 122 kVA → 160 kVA (load factor 61%) |
Bill of materials
| Equipment | Spec | Qty | Subtotal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Distribution transformer (S13 oil-immersed) | 160 kVA · 10/0.4 kV · Dyn11 | 1 | POA |
| Low-voltage switchgear (GCK/GCS) | 98 kVA demand · 141 A | 1 | POA |
| Total equipment (transformer) | POA |
Para diseñadores eléctricos y consultores que realizan el primer paso de cualquier diseño de distribución — dimensionamiento de alimentadores, tableros y transformadores a partir de un cuadro de cargas.
Usar la calculadora
Ejemplo resuelto
Un ejemplo de referencia precalculado (indexable — no requiere JavaScript). Introduzca sus propios parámetros arriba para obtener un resultado en vivo.
Ejemplo 1 — Cuadro de cargas de oficina e industria ligera
Calculated demand load
83.2 kW
97.9 kVA at PF 0.85 · connected 145.0 kW · Ks 0.8
Overall demand factor
72%
Demand current
141 A
Transformer
160 kVA
Load factor
61%
Load schedule
| Load group | Connected kW | Demand factor | Demand kW |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lighting | 20.0 | 90% | 18.0 |
| HVAC / air conditioning | 40.0 | 80% | 32.0 |
| Motors & pumps | 60.0 | 70% | 42.0 |
| Sockets / general purpose | 15.0 | 40% | 6.0 |
| Other / special loads | 10.0 | 60% | 6.0 |
| Subtotal (diversified) | 145.0 | 104.0 | |
| Demand load (× Ks 0.8) | 83.2 kW |
Result
| Demand kVA | 83.2 kW ÷ 0.85 = 97.9 kVA |
| Demand current | 97.9 kVA ÷ (√3 × 0.4 kV) = 141 A |
| Recommended transformer | 97.9 kVA ÷ 0.8 = 122 kVA → 160 kVA (load factor 61%) |
Bill of materials
| Equipment | Spec | Qty | Subtotal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Distribution transformer (S13 oil-immersed) | 160 kVA · 10/0.4 kV · Dyn11 | 1 | POA |
| Low-voltage switchgear (GCK/GCS) | 98 kVA demand · 141 A | 1 | POA |
| Total equipment (transformer) | POA |
Ejemplo 2 — Edificio comercial con alta proporción de HVAC
Calculated demand load
134.6 kW
149.6 kVA at PF 0.9 · connected 235.0 kW · Ks 0.75
Overall demand factor
76%
Demand current
216 A
Transformer
200 kVA
Load factor
75%
Load schedule
| Load group | Connected kW | Demand factor | Demand kW |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lighting | 30.0 | 90% | 27.0 |
| HVAC / air conditioning | 120.0 | 85% | 102.0 |
| Motors & pumps | 40.0 | 60% | 24.0 |
| Sockets / general purpose | 25.0 | 50% | 12.5 |
| Other / special loads | 20.0 | 70% | 14.0 |
| Subtotal (diversified) | 235.0 | 179.5 | |
| Demand load (× Ks 0.75) | 134.6 kW |
Result
| Demand kVA | 134.6 kW ÷ 0.9 = 149.6 kVA |
| Demand current | 149.6 kVA ÷ (√3 × 0.4 kV) = 216 A |
| Recommended transformer | 149.6 kVA ÷ 0.8 = 187 kVA → 200 kVA (load factor 75%) |
Bill of materials
| Equipment | Spec | Qty | Subtotal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Distribution transformer (S13 oil-immersed) | 200 kVA · 10/0.4 kV · Dyn11 | 1 | POA |
| Low-voltage switchgear (GCK/GCS) | 150 kVA demand · 216 A | 1 | POA |
| Total equipment (transformer) | POA |
Cómo se calculó
- · Carga conectada: P_conn = Σ P_i.
- · Demanda diversificada: P_d = Σ (P_i × Kd_i).
- · Demanda calculada: P = P_d × Ks (factor de simultaneidad).
- · Potencia aparente de demanda: S = P ÷ PF; corriente de demanda: I = P ÷ (√3 · U).
- · Transformador recomendado: S_tr = S ÷ factor de carga objetivo (0.8), redondeado hacia arriba a un tamaño estándar.
Normas referenciadas
| Standard | Scope |
|---|---|
| IEC 60364 | Instalaciones eléctricas de baja tensión |
| IEEE 241 | Práctica recomendada para sistemas de energía eléctrica en edificios comerciales (Libro Gris) |
| GB 50054 | Código para el diseño de instalaciones eléctricas de baja tensión |
Preguntas frecuentes
What is the difference between connected load and demand load?
Connected load is the sum of all equipment nameplate ratings; demand load is the maximum power actually drawn simultaneously, equal to connected load x demand factor. A 500 kW connected load at 0.7 demand factor has a 350 kW demand. Transformers are sized to demand, not connected load. The calculator computes demand from connected load.
What demand factor should I use for different building types?
Typical demand factors: residential 0.3-0.5, commercial/office 0.4-0.6, industrial 0.6-0.8, continuous process 0.8-0.9. A hospital runs 0.7-0.8. Using the right factor prevents a 30-50% Transformer oversize. The calculator provides guidance and computes the recommended kVA.
How do I convert demand kW to transformer kVA?
kVA = demand kW / Power Factor. A 350 kW demand at 0.9 pf needs 389 kVA, so select 400 kVA. If power factor is uncorrected at 0.75, the same load needs 467 kVA — power factor correction shrinks the transformer. The calculator applies pf and selects the standard rating.
What is the NEC vs IEC demand factor difference?
NEC Article 220 gives table-based demand factors per appliance/load type; IEC/GB practice uses engineering judgment and experience factors per building type. Both aim to avoid oversizing. The calculator uses engineering demand factors aligned with GB 50052 and IEC practice.
How do I account for future growth in load demand?
Add 15-25% to the present demand for growth, then select the next standard transformer rating. If present demand is 350 kVA, plan for ~440 kVA and select 500 kVA (or 2x250 kVA). The calculator's margin guidance keeps the transformer loadable at 70-80% after growth.
Incrustar esta calculadora
Añada esta calculadora a su propio sitio web de forma gratuita. El iframe se adapta a cualquier ancho y se ejecuta completamente en el navegador de su visitante.
Herramientas relacionadas
SelectionCalculadora de selección de transformadoresEconomicsCalculadora de coste eléctricoDesignCalculadora de sistemas de distribución
Los resultados son estimaciones de ingeniería para diseño preliminar y referencia únicamente. Verifique siempre con las normas aplicables, la placa de características del equipo y un ingeniero autorizado antes de la compra o instalación.
Send my complete design report
Get the full bill of materials, single-line diagram, calculation steps and FOB pricing as a PDF — free, no sign-up.
Your data stays private. No spam — only a reply to your enquiry.