Pemasok Terverifikasi State Grid Corporation of ChinaPasokan Peralatan Konvensional & Tenaga Surya Terpadu

Transformator QDTB®Quality Delivery, Transformer Builder

Konfigurator Hibrida Angin + Surya + Penyimpanan

Konfigurasikan pembangkit hibrida angin + surya + baterai — pencocokan kapasitas dan analisis komplementaritas, energi P50/P90, LCOE biaya penuh dan BOM peralatan berharga dengan diagram satu garis.

Mulai Menghitung Solusi Energi Terbarukan

Mengapa kalkulator ini

Angin dan surya saling melengkapi — angin memuncak pada malam hari dan musim dingin, surya pada tengah hari dan musim panas. Kalkulator ini mengukur ketiga teknologi secara bersamaan, memperkirakan pembangkitan tahunan dari sumber daya angin dan surya Anda, dan menghitung LCOE biaya penuh yang transparan dan konservatif.

Worked Examples

Example 1 — 20 MW Wind + 30 MW PV + 20 MWh Storage (Grid) · FOB $54,500,000

Wind + Solar + Storage hybrid · 35kV · grid-connected

91,980 MWh/yr

P50 91,980 · P90 78,183 MWh/yr · LCOE $61.7/MWh

Wind

20 MW

Solar

30 MWp

Storage

20 MWh / 4 h

LCOE (P50)

$61.7/MWh

Est. BOM (FOB)

POA

📦 Bill of Materials

Equipment	Model	Spec	Qty
Wind turbine generators	20 MW total	onshore · turbine only $282/kW (FOB reference; tower & BOP quoted per project)	1
Wind farm box transformer	22000 kVA	> 1600 kVA — outside catalogue, quoted per project	1
Wind collector cable (集电电缆)	35 kV MV	radial collector feeders + trenching · quoted per project	1
Site access roads & crane pads (场内道路)	civil	turbine access roads, hardstands & foundations · quoted per project	1
Wind turbine erection & crane (吊装)	installation	heavy-lift crane + erection crew · quoted per project	1
PV modules	54545 × 550 Wp	mono PERC · 30 MWp DC	1
String inverters	30 MW AC	three-phase · grid-tied	1
PV mounting structure	30 MWp	ground-mount	1
Battery energy storage (BESS)	20 MWh	LFP · 90% DoD · 90% RTE	1
Power conversion system (PCS)	5000 kW	4 h duration · bidirectional	1
Battery management system (BMS)	cluster	cell monitoring & balancing	1
Step-up power transformer	52.6 MVA	MV/35 kV grid connection · outside distribution catalogue	1

📐 Single-line diagram

⚙️ Electrical schematic (protection & metering)

⛳ Grounding grid layout

🔌 Cable schedule & routing

🗄 Switchgear arrangement

🛡 Protection configuration

📋 Protection settings

Circuit	Protection	Setting	Time	Standard
Wind farm collector	50/51 overcurrent	396 A	0.1 s	IEC 60255-151
PV plant collector	50/51 overcurrent	594 A	0.1 s	IEC 60255-151
BESS collector	50/51 overcurrent	99 A	0.1 s	IEC 60255-151
Step-up transformer 52632 kVA	87 differential	0.2 x CT	inst	IEEE C37.91 / GB/T 14285
Step-up transformer 52632 kVA	50/51 overcurrent	1042 A	0.3 s	IEC 60255-151
Step-up transformer 52632 kVA	49 thermal	100% rated	alarm 90%	IEC 60076-7 / IEEE C57.91
Grid interconnection 35 kV	anti-islanding / ROCOF	per grid code	per grid code	IEEE 1547 / GB/T 19964-2024
Grid interconnection 35 kV	AGC / AVC dispatch interface	per grid code	per grid code	GB/T 19963 / IEEE 1547
Dispatch data network	IEC 60870-5-104 telecontrol	RTU + comm link	per grid code	IEC 60870-5-104
Power forecast	PV / wind power forecast interface	15-min resolution	per grid code	GB/T 19964-2024

Settings are illustrative starting points — confirm with a protection coordination study per IEC 60255 / IEEE 242.

📚 Calculation book

CALCULATION BOOK

Wind-solar-storage hybrid - 35 kV - grid-tied - illustrative

1. Wind resource

Standard: IEC 61400 (wind energy)

Parameter	Formula	Value
Capacity	Pwind	20 MW
Capacity factor	cf @ 7 m/s	30%
Annual energy	E = P x cf x 8760	52,560 MWh/yr

2. PV resource

Standard: IEC 61724

Parameter	Formula	Value
Capacity	Ppv	30 MWp
Specific yield	GHI x 365 x PR	1314 kWh/kWp/yr
Annual energy	E = P x specific yield	39,420 MWh/yr

3. Storage

Standard: IEC 62933 (EES)

Parameter	Formula	Value
Energy capacity	MWh	20 MWh / 4 h
Power	P = MWh / h	5.0 MW
Round-trip efficiency	rte	90% - DoD 90%

4. Generation & complementarity

Standard: resource assessment (illustrative)

Parameter	Formula	Value
Total energy (P50)	E_wind + E_pv	91,980 MWh/yr
P90	P50 x 0.85	78,183 MWh/yr
Complementarity	wind share	strong (balanced wind + solar)

5. Step-up & economics

Standard: IEC 60076 - NREL ATB

Parameter	Formula	Value
Step-up transformer	kVA	52632 kVA (52.6 MVA)
Installed CAPEX	wind + PV + storage	$54,500,000
LCOE (P50)	full-cost	$61.7/MWh

This calculation book is illustrative resource factors and costs are typical assumptions. A licensed engineer must verify and seal final design documents.

🔧 Secondary schematic (control & signal)

🔩 Terminal strip (typical)

🌬️☀️ Resource & generation

Parameter	Value
Wind capacity factor	30% at 7 m/s (illustrative)
Wind energy	52,560 MWh/yr
PV specific yield	1,314 kWh/kWp/yr (4.5 kWh/m²/day, PR 0.8)
PV energy	39,420 MWh/yr
Complementarity	strong (balanced wind + solar)

💰 Economics (full-cost, illustrative)

Parameter	Value
Installed CAPEX	$54,500,000 (wind $1,150/kW · PV $850/kW · storage $300/kWh)
Annual OPEX	$1,000,000
P50 generation	91,980 MWh/yr
P90 generation	78,183 MWh/yr
LCOE (P50)	$61.7/MWh
LCOE (P90)	$72.6/MWh

📏 Standard basis (依据标准)

Topic	Standard
Wind grid connection	GB/T 19963 — technical rule for connecting wind farm to power system
PV grid connection	GB/T 19964-2024 — technical rule for connecting photovoltaic power station to power system
Wind turbines	IEC 61400 — wind turbines (design requirements)
Battery storage	GB/T 36547 — technical rule for electrochemical energy storage connecting to power grid

🧮 How it was calculated

1. Wind: 20 MW × CF 0.30 (at 7 m/s) × 8760 h = 52,560 MWh/yr

2. PV: 30 MWp × 4.5 kWh/m²/day × 365 × PR 0.8 = 39,420 MWh/yr

3. Combined P50 = 91,980 MWh/yr · P90 = 78,183 MWh/yr (0.85 × P50, illustrative)

4. Storage: 20 MWh / 4 h = 5000 kW PCS · DoD 90% · RTE 90%

5. Complementarity: strong (balanced wind + solar)

6. Full-cost LCOE = (CAPEX × CRF + OPEX) ÷ energy = ($54,500,000 × 0.0858 + $1,000,000) ÷ 91,980 MWh = $61.7/MWh (illustrative)

Summary
Estimated total (FOB Qingdao, EXW) — priced equipment				$14,577,056

📋 Design notes

Economics basis (illustrative): LCOE uses installed-cost basis: wind $1,150/kW, PV $850/kW, storage $300/kWh (NREL 2024 ATB / Lazard 2024 typical ranges). Excludes taxes, financing fees, degradation and curtailment. Actual project economics vary by site.

BOM vs economics reconciliation (P2-12): The BOM FOB total ($14,577,056) prices only the catalogue items (PV + storage); wind turbines and the step-up transformer are POA. The illustrative installed CAPEX ($54,500,000) adds wind at $1,150/kW and covers full turnkey installed cost — the two figures use different bases and are not directly comparable.

P50 / P90: P50 = expected annual generation; P90 = 0.85 × P50 (conservative one-year exceedance, illustrative resource variability). A bankable P90 uses site-measured interannual variability, not a fixed 0.85 factor.

Wind BOP: The wind farm balance-of-plant — collector cables, site access roads, crane pads, foundations and heavy-lift erection — is quoted per project and is included in the illustrative installed CAPEX (not the FOB BOM).

POA equipment: Wind turbine generators and the step-up power transformer (outside the distribution catalogue) are quoted per project (POA) — the BOM prices only the PV and storage from the catalogue.

Grid mode: Grid-connected: the hybrid plant sells energy and uses storage for shifting/firming.

Example 2 — 50 MW PV + 30 MWh Storage (Off-grid) · FOB $51,500,000

Wind + Solar + Storage hybrid · 35kV · off-grid

80,300 MWh/yr

P50 80,300 · P90 68,255 MWh/yr · LCOE $65.0/MWh

Wind

0 MW

Solar

50 MWp

Storage

30 MWh / 2 h

LCOE (P50)

$65.0/MWh

Est. BOM (FOB)

POA

📦 Bill of Materials

Equipment	Model	Spec	Qty
PV modules	90909 × 550 Wp	mono PERC · 50 MWp DC	1
String inverters	50 MW AC	three-phase · grid-tied	1
PV mounting structure	50 MWp	ground-mount	1
Battery energy storage (BESS)	30 MWh	LFP · 90% DoD · 90% RTE	1
Power conversion system (PCS)	15000 kW	2 h duration · bidirectional	1
Battery management system (BMS)	cluster	cell monitoring & balancing	1
Step-up power transformer	52.6 MVA	MV/35 kV grid connection · outside distribution catalogue	1

📐 Single-line diagram

⚙️ Electrical schematic (protection & metering)

⛳ Grounding grid layout

🔌 Cable schedule & routing

🗄 Switchgear arrangement

🛡 Protection configuration

📋 Protection settings

Circuit	Protection	Setting	Time	Standard
PV plant collector	50/51 overcurrent	990 A	0.1 s	IEC 60255-151
BESS collector	50/51 overcurrent	297 A	0.1 s	IEC 60255-151
Step-up transformer 52632 kVA	87 differential	0.2 x CT	inst	IEEE C37.91 / GB/T 14285
Step-up transformer 52632 kVA	50/51 overcurrent	1042 A	0.3 s	IEC 60255-151
Step-up transformer 52632 kVA	49 thermal	100% rated	alarm 90%	IEC 60076-7 / IEEE C57.91
Grid interconnection 35 kV	anti-islanding / ROCOF	per grid code	per grid code	IEEE 1547 / GB/T 19964-2024
Grid interconnection 35 kV	AGC / AVC dispatch interface	per grid code	per grid code	GB/T 19963 / IEEE 1547
Dispatch data network	IEC 60870-5-104 telecontrol	RTU + comm link	per grid code	IEC 60870-5-104
Power forecast	PV / wind power forecast interface	15-min resolution	per grid code	GB/T 19964-2024

Settings are illustrative starting points — confirm with a protection coordination study per IEC 60255 / IEEE 242.

📚 Calculation book

CALCULATION BOOK

Wind-solar-storage hybrid - 35 kV - off-grid - illustrative

1. Wind resource

Standard: IEC 61400 (wind energy)

Parameter	Formula	Value
Capacity	Pwind	0 MW
Capacity factor	cf @ 6 m/s	23%
Annual energy	E = P x cf x 8760	0 MWh/yr

2. PV resource

Standard: IEC 61724

Parameter	Formula	Value
Capacity	Ppv	50 MWp
Specific yield	GHI x 365 x PR	1606 kWh/kWp/yr
Annual energy	E = P x specific yield	80,300 MWh/yr

3. Storage

Standard: IEC 62933 (EES)

Parameter	Formula	Value
Energy capacity	MWh	30 MWh / 2 h
Power	P = MWh / h	15.0 MW
Round-trip efficiency	rte	90% - DoD 90%

4. Generation & complementarity

Standard: resource assessment (illustrative)

Parameter	Formula	Value
Total energy (P50)	E_wind + E_pv	80,300 MWh/yr
P90	P50 x 0.85	68,255 MWh/yr
Complementarity	wind share	solar-dominant (add wind for nighttime/winter coverage)

5. Step-up & economics

Standard: IEC 60076 - NREL ATB

Parameter	Formula	Value
Step-up transformer	kVA	52632 kVA (52.6 MVA)
Installed CAPEX	wind + PV + storage	$51,500,000
LCOE (P50)	full-cost	$65.0/MWh

This calculation book is illustrative resource factors and costs are typical assumptions. A licensed engineer must verify and seal final design documents.

🔧 Secondary schematic (control & signal)

🔩 Terminal strip (typical)

🌬️☀️ Resource & generation

Parameter	Value
Wind capacity factor	23% at 6 m/s (illustrative)
Wind energy	0 MWh/yr
PV specific yield	1,606 kWh/kWp/yr (5.5 kWh/m²/day, PR 0.8)
PV energy	80,300 MWh/yr
Complementarity	solar-dominant (add wind for nighttime/winter coverage)

💰 Economics (full-cost, illustrative)

Parameter	Value
Installed CAPEX	$51,500,000 (wind $1,150/kW · PV $850/kW · storage $300/kWh)
Annual OPEX	$800,000
P50 generation	80,300 MWh/yr
P90 generation	68,255 MWh/yr
LCOE (P50)	$65.0/MWh
LCOE (P90)	$76.5/MWh

📏 Standard basis (依据标准)

Topic	Standard
Wind grid connection	GB/T 19963 — technical rule for connecting wind farm to power system
PV grid connection	GB/T 19964-2024 — technical rule for connecting photovoltaic power station to power system
Wind turbines	IEC 61400 — wind turbines (design requirements)
Battery storage	GB/T 36547 — technical rule for electrochemical energy storage connecting to power grid

🧮 How it was calculated

1. Wind: 0 MW × CF 0.23 (at 6 m/s) × 8760 h = 0 MWh/yr

2. PV: 50 MWp × 5.5 kWh/m²/day × 365 × PR 0.8 = 80,300 MWh/yr

3. Combined P50 = 80,300 MWh/yr · P90 = 68,255 MWh/yr (0.85 × P50, illustrative)

4. Storage: 30 MWh / 2 h = 15000 kW PCS · DoD 90% · RTE 90%

5. Complementarity: solar-dominant (add wind for nighttime/winter coverage)

6. Full-cost LCOE = (CAPEX × CRF + OPEX) ÷ energy = ($51,500,000 × 0.0858 + $800,000) ÷ 80,300 MWh = $65.0/MWh (illustrative)

Summary
Estimated total (FOB Qingdao, EXW) — priced equipment				$14,787,062

📋 Design notes

BOM vs economics reconciliation (P2-12): The BOM FOB total ($14,787,062) prices only the catalogue items (PV + storage); wind turbines and the step-up transformer are POA. The illustrative installed CAPEX ($51,500,000) adds wind at $1,150/kW and covers full turnkey installed cost — the two figures use different bases and are not directly comparable.

Grid mode: Off-grid mode: storage (and typically a diesel genset) must balance generation against load around the clock — contact us for a microgrid sizing.

Cara perhitungannya

Cara kerja pengukuran

Energi angin = kapasitas × faktor kapasitas × 8760 jam (faktor kapasitas dari kecepatan angin). Energi PV = kapasitas × GHI × 365 × rasio kinerja (0,80). Daya penyimpanan = energi ÷ durasi. P50 adalah pembangkitan tahunan yang diharapkan; P90 adalah 0,85 × P50 yang konservatif. LCOE = (CAPEX × CRF + OPEX) ÷ energi tahunan, berdasarkan biaya terpasang.

Standar yang berlaku

Pengukuran mengacu pada GB/T 19963 (koneksi grid ladang angin), GB/T 19964-2024 (koneksi grid stasiun PV), IEC 61400 (turbin angin) dan GB/T 36547 (koneksi grid penyimpanan baterai).

Pertanyaan yang sering diajukan

How do I size a wind + solar + storage hybrid plant?

Size PV and wind to match the load or export profile, then add storage to firm the output. The calculator's default is 20 MW wind + 30 MW PV + 20 MWh/4 h storage. Capacity is matched against hourly resource and load; storage covers the gap between variable generation and demand. The configurator reports capacity, energy and LCOE.

What is complementarity between wind and solar?

Wind often peaks at night and in winter while solar peaks by day and in summer, so combining them smooths total output and reduces the storage needed to firm it. Good wind-solar complementarity can raise the capacity factor 10-20% over either alone. The configurator analyzes the combined P50/P90 energy profile.

What is the typical capacity factor of a hybrid plant?

Solar-alone capacity factors run 15-20%, onshore wind 25-35%, and a well-matched hybrid 25-40%. The higher and smoother the capacity factor, the better the LCOE and grid value. The configurator computes the combined capacity factor from the wind speed and irradiation inputs.

How does storage firm a renewable hybrid plant?

Storage charges during high-generation, low-price hours and discharges when wind and solar fall short, converting a variable output into a firmer, dispatchable profile. A 4-hour battery covers most daily gaps; 20 MWh/4 h is the calculator default. This raises the share of energy deliverable during peak-price windows.

What grid codes apply to wind-solar-storage hybrids?

Wind turbines follow IEC 61400 and GB/T 19960; PV follows GB/T 19964; storage follows GB/T 36547 and IEC 62933; and hybrid plants follow GB/T 19963 for grid connection. The configurator cites these standards and applies their voltage/frequency ride-through requirements to the design.

What LCOE can a wind-solar-storage hybrid achieve?

Utility hybrids in good resource areas achieve $0.03-0.06/kWh, with storage adding $0.01-0.03/kWh depending on the storage-to-generation ratio. The 20 MW wind + 30 MW PV + 20 MWh default typically lands near $0.04-0.05/kWh. The configurator computes full-cost LCOE with WACC, O&M and degradation.

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