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Калькулятор системы электроснабжения промышленного парка

Подбор электрической распределительной системы для завода или промышленного парка — общая нагрузка оборудования, коэффициент спроса, доля двигателей и доля источников гармоник, с выбором трансформаторов и распределительных устройств, компенсацией реактивной мощности и спецификацией материалов.

Начать расчёт Решения для промышленного производства

Стандарт

Подключённая нагрузка оборудования (kW) *

Коэффициент спроса

Доля двигателей (% нагрузки)

Доля источников гармоник (% нагрузки)

Напряжение среднего напряжения (kV)

Напряжение низкого напряжения (kV)

Интеллектуальный мониторинг и управление

Добавьте слой защиты, учёта и SCADA в спецификацию и схему архитектуры.

Уровень автоматизации

Протокол

Дополнительные опции по сценарию

АВР (автоматический ввод резерва) Интеллектуальный расцепитель НН Счётчик учёта 0.2S

Почему этот калькулятор

Промышленные предприятия сочетают двигательные, нагревательные и электронные нагрузки с естественным коэффициентом мощности ниже 0,9 и значительными гармониками. Этот калькулятор преобразует присоединённую нагрузку оборудования в подобранный комплект трансформаторов и распределительных устройств с компенсацией реактивной мощности и фильтрацией гармоник согласно GB 50052 и GB 50055.

Worked Examples

Example 1 — 2 MW Factory Load (Demand Factor, Motor & Harmonic Share) · FOB $257,923

Industrial park power system · 10kV/0.4kV

1,600 kVA transformer

S13-M-1600/10 · demand 1,200 kW · PF 0.95

Connected load

2,000 kW

Demand (Kd 0.6)

1,200 kW

Motor share

60%

Reactive comp.

443 kvar

Est. total (FOB)

POA

📦 Bill of Materials

Equipment	Model	Spec	Qty
HV incoming panel	KYN28A-12-630-315	630 A / 31.5 kA · vacuum	1
Main transformer	S13-M-1600/10	1600 kVA · Oil-Immersed · Copper · S13	1
LV incoming panel	GGD-2500	2500 A busbar · In 2309 A	1
LV feeder panel (×2)	GGD-2500	distributes 8 circuits	2
Cable branch box (LV)	DFW-0.4	1-in / 4-out · 0.4 kV · 630 A	1
Main feeder cable (TX→LV)	YJV 0.6/1kV 300 mm² ×5	5× 300 mm² Cu · ΔU 1.20% @ 80 m · $154.0/m	5
Feeder cable — Plant feeder 1 (×8)	YJV 300 mm²	300 mm² Cu · 440 A · ΔU 1.1% · $154.0/m	8
Branch trunk cable (LV → branch box 1)	YJV 300 mm² ×4	4× 300 mm² Cu · 1760 A · ΔU 1.1% · $154.0/m	4
Main busbar (Cu)	Cu 125×10	125×10 · 2500 A rating · ref $147.8/m	included
Grounding electrode	Φ20mm × 2.5m rod	R₁ 39.6 Ω → 13 rod(s) ≤ 4 Ω	13
Detuned PFC capacitor bank	443 kvar	automatic · 7% detuned · 0.4 kV	1
Series detuning reactor (7%)	31.0 kvar	189 Hz tuning · below 5th harmonic	1

📐 Single-line diagram

⚙️ Electrical schematic (protection & metering)

⛳ Grounding grid layout

🔌 Cable schedule & routing

🗄 Switchgear arrangement

🛡 Protection configuration

📋 Protection settings

Circuit	Protection	Setting	Time	Standard
HV incoming 10 kV	50 instantaneous	739 A	inst	IEC 60255-151 / IEEE 242
HV incoming 10 kV	51 overcurrent	111 A	0.5 s	IEC 60255-151 / IEEE 242
HV incoming 10 kV	51N earth-fault	18 A	0.5 s	IEC 60364-4-41
Transformer 1600 kVA	49 thermal overload	79% of rated	alarm 90%	IEC 60076-7 / IEEE C57.91
LV incoming 0.4 kV	50 instantaneous	18475 A	inst	IEC 60947-2
LV incoming 0.4 kV	51 overcurrent	2771 A	0.3 s	IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
LV incoming 0.4 kV	51N earth-fault	462 A	0.3 s	IEC 60364-4-41
Plant feeder 1	50/51/51N (MCCB)	Ir 484 A - Im 3520 A - Ig 88 A	0.1 s (grading)	IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Plant feeder 2	50/51/51N (MCCB)	Ir 484 A - Im 3520 A - Ig 88 A	0.1 s (grading)	IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Plant feeder 3	50/51/51N (MCCB)	Ir 484 A - Im 3520 A - Ig 88 A	0.1 s (grading)	IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Plant feeder 4	50/51/51N (MCCB)	Ir 484 A - Im 3520 A - Ig 88 A	0.1 s (grading)	IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Plant feeder 5	50/51/51N (MCCB)	Ir 484 A - Im 3520 A - Ig 88 A	0.1 s (grading)	IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Plant feeder 6	50/51/51N (MCCB)	Ir 484 A - Im 3520 A - Ig 88 A	0.1 s (grading)	IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
+2 more feeders	50/51/51N (MCCB)	per feeder load	0.1 s (grading)	IEC 60947-2

Settings are illustrative starting points — confirm with a protection coordination study per IEC 60255 / IEEE 242.

📚 Calculation book

CALCULATION BOOK

1600 kVA - 10kV/0.4kV - single - illustrative

1. Load calculation

Standard: IEC 60076 - IEC 60364-5-52

Parameter	Formula	Value
Connected load	P = sum(kW)	2,000 kW
Demand factor	Kd	0.6
Demand power	Pd = P x Kd	1,200 kW
Power factor	cos(phi) before -> after	0.82 -> 0.95
Design apparent power	Sd = Pd / cos(phi)	1,263 kVA
Transformer loading	Sd / Srated	79%

2. Short-circuit calculation

Standard: IEC 60909

Parameter	Formula	Value
System impedance (pu)	Zs = S / Ssc	0.32% (on 1600 kVA base)
Transformer impedance	Zt = Z%	4%
Total impedance	Z = Zt + Zs	4.32%
LV prospective Isc	Isc = In / Z	53.5 kA
HV prospective Isc	Isc = Ssc / (sqrt(3) x V)	28.9 kA
Breaking check	Icu >= Isc	LV 65 kA (1.2x margin) PASS

3. Voltage drop

Standard: IEC 60364-5-52 Annex G

Parameter	Formula	Value
Main feeder	dU = sqrt(3) x I x L x R / V	300 mm2 - dU 1.20% @ 80 m
Limit	max 3%	within limit
Transformer volt. reg.	dU ~ loading x Z% x sin(phi)	1.0% at full load

4. Reactive power / harmonics

Standard: IEC 61921 (PFC) - IEEE 519 (harmonics)

Parameter	Formula	Value
Required compensation	Qc = Pd x (tan1 - tan2)	0 kvar
PFC bank	standard step	0 kvar
Detuned reactor	p = 6%	n/a

5. Grounding

Standard: IEC 60364-5-54 earthing arrangements and protective conductors LV earthing target 10 ohm (TN systems); 4 ohm used as a conservative design target - target 4 ohm

Parameter	Formula	Value
Single rod resistance	R1 = rho/(2 x pi x L) x ln(4L/d)	39.6 ohm
Rods required	n = R1 / (target x 0.8)	13 rod(s) <= 4 ohm
Rod spec	dia x length	20 mm x 2.5 m

This calculation book is illustrative it consolidates the computed values with the referenced standards. A licensed engineer must verify and seal final design documents for construction.

🔧 Secondary schematic (control & signal)

🔩 Terminal strip (typical)

🏭 Load profile

Parameter	Value
Connected load	2,000 kW
Demand factor	0.6 → demand 1,200 kW
Motor share	60% (720 kW)
Harmonic-source share	25% (300 kW)

🌀 Power quality

Parameter	Value
Reactive compensation	443 kvar detuned bank (7% reactor)
Harmonic current	Ih 137 A @ 30% THDi
APF required	No — below 30% threshold

📏 Standard basis (依据标准)

Topic	Standard
Standard basis	IEC · IEC 60364-5-52
Conductor ampacity	IEC 60364-5-52 Table B.52.2–B.52.5 (copper, 3 loaded conductors, 30°C ambient, PVC) — typical/rounded values, conservative (±3%)
Voltage-drop limit	IEC 60364-5-52 Annex G · max drop 3%
Winding temp rise	IEC 60076-2 — winding temp rise 65 K (Class A insulation, ONAN)
kVA ratings	IEC 60076-1 R10 preferred numbers
Breaker frames	IEC 60947-2 frame sizes (In)
Grounding target	IEC 60364-5-54 earthing arrangements and protective conductors — LV earthing target ≤ 10 Ω (TN systems); 4 Ω used as a conservative design target · target 4 Ω
Power supply design	GB 50052 — code for design of electric power supply systems
Low-voltage distribution	GB 50055 — code for design of electric equipment for industrial facilities
Harmonics	GB/T 14549 — quality of electric energy supply: harmonics in public supply network
Transformers	IEC 60076 — power transformers

🧮 How it was calculated

1. Connected equipment load = 2,000 kW

2. Demand = 2,000 × 0.6 = 1,200 kW

3. Motor share = 60% → 720 kW (drives natural PF 0.82)

4. Reactive compensation: Qc = 1,200 × (tanφ₁ − tanφ₂) = 443 kvar

5. Harmonic-source share = 25% → 300 kW → Ih = 137 A (30% THDi)

6. Loads: P=2,000 kW, PF 0.82, 8 circuits

7. Demand: 2,000 × 0.6 = 1,200 kW

8. Transformer: S = 1,200 ÷ 0.95 = 1263.2 kVA → 1,600 kVA standard

9. Loading: 1,263 ÷ 1,600 = 79% (good range)

10. Voltage regulation: 79% × 4% × sinφ ≈ 1.0% at full load

11. HV: In 92.4 A, Isc 28.9 kA → KYN28A-12-630-315

12. LV: In 2309 A, Isc 53.5 kA (Xfmr Z 4% + system 0.3%) → GGD-2500, 2 feeder panel(s)

13. Cable branch boxes: 1 × DFW-0.4 (1-in/4-out) for feeder grouping

14. Grounding: R₁ 39.6 Ω → 13 rod(s)

15. Main feeder: 5× 300 mm² · ΔU 1.20% — OK

Summary
Estimated total (FOB Qingdao, EXW) — priced equipment				$257,923

📋 Design notes

Pricing basis: FOB Qingdao (EXW) equipment price. Freight, duty and installation are not included — add for landed economics.

Transformer loading: 79% at design demand — good range.

Short-circuit check: HV 28.9 kA vs 31.5 kA (1.1× margin) · LV 53.5 kA vs 65 kA (1.2× margin).

Voltage regulation: ≈ 1.0% at full load (typical limit 5%).

Copper price linkage: Copper-wound transformer price tracks LME copper (current $14,219/t · 2026-09-12 · LME Copper (Sina hf_CAD)).

Parallel conductors: Single-cable ampacity exceeded — parallel conductors specified: main feeder 5× 300 mm², branch trunk 1 4× 300 mm² (per IEC 60364-5-52 / GB 50054).

Cable & grounding pricing: Cable conductors and grounding are priced from the confirmed cables-trays-grounding price reference (per-metre copper YJV; aluminium remains POA). The main copper busbar is POA — its length is project-specific.

Busway (high-current feeders): For LV feeders above ~2500 A, a busway (母线槽) trunking system is recommended instead of parallel cables.

Demand factor: 0.6 demand factor avoids oversizing — not all plant equipment runs simultaneously at full load.

Motor & harmonic load: 60% motor load (natural PF 0.82); 25% harmonic-source load (detuned PFC is sufficient.)

Zone / plant metering: For multi-tenant parks, per-zone / per-plant revenue-grade metering (分区分厂计量) at the LV feeder enables sub-billing and energy accountability — quoted per project.

Harmonic sources: Typical harmonic sources: VFD drives (THDi ~30%), rectifiers / electroplating (~25–35%), UPS (~10–20%), welding machines and LED lighting. The 25% share is applied as an aggregate — a detailed equipment list refines APF sizing.

Transformer loading: Transformer sized at the target PF 0.95; final capacity must be confirmed against the actual equipment schedule.

Как это рассчитывалось

Как работает расчёт

Расчётная мощность P = присоединённая нагрузка × коэффициент спроса Kd (не всё оборудование работает одновременно). Доля двигателей определяет естественный коэффициент мощности; компенсация реактивной мощности Qc = P × (tanφ₁ − tanφ₂) корректирует его до целевого PF. Доля источников гармоник даёт ток гармоник Ih = I₁ × THDi, фильтруемый конденсаторной батареей с защитным реактором.

Применимые стандарты

Расчёт выполняется согласно GB 50052 (проектирование электроснабжения), GB 50055 (проектирование промышленного низковольтного распределения), GB/T 14549 (гармоники) и IEC 60076 (трансформаторы).

Часто задаваемые вопросы

What demand factor applies to an industrial park?

An industrial park with many factories never runs every machine simultaneously; a demand factor of 0.55-0.7 is typical. A 2000 kW connected load at 0.6 kd and 0.9 pf gives ~1330 kVA demand, so a 1600 kVA Transformer or two 800 kVA units suit. The calculator uses demand factor and motor share to size the MV/LV plant.

How much harmonic filtering does a factory-heavy park need?

When 60% of load is motors on VFDs and 25% is non-linear (rectifiers, UPS), THDi can reach 15-25%. IEEE 519 limits THD to 5-8% at the point of common coupling, so a detuned capacitor bank (7% Reactor) or APF is required. The calculator sizes compensation and detuning from the harmonic share.

What is the standard MV/LV architecture for an industrial park?

Typical architecture: 10 kV (or 35 kV) utility feed -> ring or radial MV Switchgear -> one transformer per factory or block -> 0.4 kV switchboards -> motor control centers. A 10 kV ring with RMUs along the ring offers N-1 supply. The calculator sizes the transformers, switchgear and compensation for the aggregated park load.

How do I allocate transformer capacity per factory?

Give each factory its own transformer sized to its demand plus 20-25% headroom, or share one large transformer for small tenants. Separate transformers isolate faults and simplify metering, but shared units cost less. The calculator aggregates the park demand and shows the single-transformer and split-transformer options.

What power factor should an industrial park maintain?

Utilities usually require 0.9-0.95 Power Factor and levy penalties below ~0.9. Industrial parks with motor-heavy load typically start at 0.75-0.85 and add capacitor banks to reach 0.95. The calculator computes the required kvar compensation to correct from measured pf to target and sizes the LV capacitor bank.

What redundancy does a park MV network usually provide?

A ring-main MV network with normally-open tie provides N-1 redundancy: any cable or RMU fault is isolated and load restored from the other direction. Radial feeders are cheaper but lose supply on a fault. The calculator's architecture notes cover ring vs radial options and their reliability trade-off.

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