No-load loss
830 W
结果
输入您的负载 → 数秒内获得完整设计及 BOM
示例输出Annual losses & CO₂ emissions
17.90 tCO₂/yr
1000 kVA · S13 — oil-immersed (grade 3) · 50% load · 8760 h · 0.6 tCO₂/MWh
Load loss
10300 W
Annual losses
29,828 kWh
Efficiency
99.32%
Loss & efficiency calculation
| No-load loss | 830 W × 8760 h = 7,271 kWh/yr |
| Load loss | 10300 W × (50%)² × 8760 h = 22,557 kWh/yr |
| Annual losses | = 29,828 kWh/yr |
| Efficiency | 4,380,000 ÷ (4,380,000 + 29,828) = 99.32% |
| CO₂ emissions | 29,828 kWh × 0.6 tCO₂/MWh ÷ 1000 = 17.90 tCO₂/yr |
Efficiency-level comparison (lowest CO₂ first)
| Efficiency level | Po | Pk | Loss/yr | CO₂/yr |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amorphous alloy — oil-immersed | 270 W | 10300 W | 24,922 | 14.95 |
| S20 — oil-immersed (NX1) | 450 W | 9600 W | 24,966 | 14.98 |
| S13 — oil-immersed (grade 3) ◂ selected | 830 W | 10300 W | 29,828 | 17.90 |
| SCB13 — dry-type | 1200 W | 9600 W | 31,536 | 18.92 |
| S11 — oil-immersed (grade 3) | 1150 W | 10300 W | 32,631 | 19.58 |
Carbon insight
Upgrading from "S13 — oil-immersed (grade 3)" to the lowest-carbon "Amorphous alloy — oil-immersed" would avoid ≈ 4,906 kWh and ≈ 2.94 tCO₂ per year at this load factor — subject to the actual nameplate losses and the local grid emission factor.
Note
Losses use typical values (GB 20052 / industry references) scaled from 1000 kVA — always verify against the nameplate. Output energy assumes PF = 1 (kVA × PF × load factor × hours). The grid emission factor varies by region (≈0.2–1.0 tCO₂/MWh); adjust it to your local grid for a meaningful result.
适用于 ESG、能源审计和工厂工程师，用于量化变压器损耗与碳足迹，并为选用更高能效变压器提供依据。
使用计算器
计算示例
预先计算的参考示例（可抓取——无需 JavaScript）。在上方输入您自己的参数以获取实时结果。
示例 1 — S13 1000 kVA，50% 负载
Annual losses & CO₂ emissions
17.90 tCO₂/yr
1000 kVA · S13 — oil-immersed (grade 3) · 50% load · 8760 h · 0.6 tCO₂/MWh
No-load loss
830 W
Load loss
10300 W
Annual losses
29,828 kWh
Efficiency
99.32%
Loss & efficiency calculation
| No-load loss | 830 W × 8760 h = 7,271 kWh/yr |
| Load loss | 10300 W × (50%)² × 8760 h = 22,557 kWh/yr |
| Annual losses | = 29,828 kWh/yr |
| Efficiency | 4,380,000 ÷ (4,380,000 + 29,828) = 99.32% |
| CO₂ emissions | 29,828 kWh × 0.6 tCO₂/MWh ÷ 1000 = 17.90 tCO₂/yr |
Efficiency-level comparison (lowest CO₂ first)
| Efficiency level | Po | Pk | Loss/yr | CO₂/yr |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amorphous alloy — oil-immersed | 270 W | 10300 W | 24,922 | 14.95 |
| S20 — oil-immersed (NX1) | 450 W | 9600 W | 24,966 | 14.98 |
| S13 — oil-immersed (grade 3) ◂ selected | 830 W | 10300 W | 29,828 | 17.90 |
| SCB13 — dry-type | 1200 W | 9600 W | 31,536 | 18.92 |
| S11 — oil-immersed (grade 3) | 1150 W | 10300 W | 32,631 | 19.58 |
Carbon insight
Upgrading from "S13 — oil-immersed (grade 3)" to the lowest-carbon "Amorphous alloy — oil-immersed" would avoid ≈ 4,906 kWh and ≈ 2.94 tCO₂ per year at this load factor — subject to the actual nameplate losses and the local grid emission factor.
Note
Losses use typical values (GB 20052 / industry references) scaled from 1000 kVA — always verify against the nameplate. Output energy assumes PF = 1 (kVA × PF × load factor × hours). The grid emission factor varies by region (≈0.2–1.0 tCO₂/MWh); adjust it to your local grid for a meaningful result.
示例 2 — S20 630 kVA，60% 负载
Annual losses & CO₂ emissions
12.02 tCO₂/yr
630 kVA · S20 — oil-immersed (NX1) · 60% load · 8760 h · 0.55 tCO₂/MWh
No-load loss
318 W
Load loss
6048 W
Annual losses
21,861 kWh
Efficiency
99.34%
Loss & efficiency calculation
| No-load loss | 318 W × 8760 h = 2,788 kWh/yr |
| Load loss | 6048 W × (60%)² × 8760 h = 19,073 kWh/yr |
| Annual losses | = 21,861 kWh/yr |
| Efficiency | 3,311,280 ÷ (3,311,280 + 21,861) = 99.34% |
| CO₂ emissions | 21,861 kWh × 0.55 tCO₂/MWh ÷ 1000 = 12.02 tCO₂/yr |
Efficiency-level comparison (lowest CO₂ first)
| Efficiency level | Po | Pk | Loss/yr | CO₂/yr |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S20 — oil-immersed (NX1) ◂ selected | 318 W | 6048 W | 21,861 | 12.02 |
| Amorphous alloy — oil-immersed | 191 W | 6489 W | 22,136 | 12.17 |
| S13 — oil-immersed (grade 3) | 587 W | 6736 W | 26,383 | 14.51 |
| SCB13 — dry-type | 849 W | 6048 W | 26,506 | 14.58 |
| S11 — oil-immersed (grade 3) | 813 W | 6489 W | 27,587 | 15.17 |
Carbon insight
"S20 — oil-immersed (NX1)" is the lowest-carbon option in this comparison.
Note
Losses use typical values (GB 20052 / industry references) scaled from 1000 kVA — always verify against the nameplate. Output energy assumes PF = 1 (kVA × PF × load factor × hours). The grid emission factor varies by region (≈0.2–1.0 tCO₂/MWh); adjust it to your local grid for a meaningful result.
计算过程
- · 空载损耗电量 = Po × 小时数；负载损耗电量 = Pk × LF² × 小时数。
- · 年损耗 = Po × 小时数 + Pk × LF² × 小时数。
- · 效率 = 输出 ÷（输出 + 损耗），输出 = kVA × LF × 小时数。
- · CO₂ 排放 = 年损耗 × 电网排放因子。
- · 损耗以 1000 kVA 为基准按 Po ∝ S^0.75、Pk ∝ S 缩放。
引用标准
| Standard | Scope |
|---|---|
| IEC 60076 | 电力变压器 |
| GB 20052 | 电力变压器能效限定值及能效等级 |
| IEC 60364-8-1 | 低压电气装置——能效 |
| ISO 14064-1 | 温室气体 — 排放的量化与报告 |
常见问题
如何计算变压器的 CO2 排放？
CO2 = 年损耗（kWh）× 电网排放因子。空载损耗全天运行：1000 kVA、空载 1.2 kW 的变压器仅带电即年耗 10512 kWh。0.5 kg/kWh 排放因子下约 5.3 吨 CO2/年。计算器加总空载与负载损耗并换算碳排。
变压器应达到什么效率水平？
配电变压器满载效率 98-99.5%。GB 20052 与 IEC 60076-20 规定最低效率/损耗等级；选更高等级（S13/S20、SCB13/SCB14）可降空载损耗 20-40%。计算器对比各效率等级及其损耗与碳排影响。
变压器一年浪费多少电？
1000 kVA 变压器 50% 负载、空载 1.2 kW、满载损耗 8 kW 时年损耗约 1.2×8760 + 8×0.25×8760 = 28032 kWh。更低损耗的 S13 可降 15-25%。计算器量化年损耗及其费用。
变压器效率的最佳负载率是多少？
当负载损耗等于空载损耗时效率最高，配电变压器常在 40-60% 负载率。远低于此浪费空载损耗，远高于此增大铜耗。计算器展示效率曲线与最佳负载点。
如何比较两台变压器的全生命周期碳排？
对比 年损耗 × 寿命 × 排放因子，再加材料（铜、钢、油）的隐含碳。20-30 年尺度上损耗驱动的运行碳通常占主导。计算器算各型号运行 CO2，便于对 S11/S13/非晶排序。
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