QDTB®变压器官网

小型水电站计算器

输入水头与设计流量,自动选择水轮机类型(冲击式/混流/轴流)、发电机与升压站,给出年发电量、LCOE 与完整设备清单。

开始计算 计算器

小型水电站如何选型

出力 P = ρ·g·Q·H·η。水头决定水轮机类型——200 m 以上用冲击式(Pelton),30–200 m 用混流(Francis),30 m 以下用轴流定桨(Kaplan)。计算器据此选发电机、0.4→10.5 kV(或 35 kV)升压站,并按容量系数法估算年发电量。

计算示例 — 小型水电站

Example 1 — 1.6 MW Francis Hydro Station (10 kV grid)
Small hydro station · Francis
1570 kW
H 80 m · Q 2.5 m³/s · η 80% · 2000 kW generator
Annual energy
6,875 MWh
LCOE
$16.7/MWh
Est. BOM (FOB)
POA
📦 Bill of Materials
EquipmentModelSpecQty
Hydro turbine-generator set1570 kWFrancis · H 80 m · Q 2.5 m³/s · η 80% · incl. governor + excitation · purchased equipment (外购件)1
Step-up transformer2222 kVA0.4/10 kV · oil-immersed (GB/T 17467) · >1600 kVA outside catalogue1
Ring main unit (RMU)10 kVSF6 RMU 630 A · 4-circuit · 10 kV1
LV switchgear (GGD)0.4 kVincoming breaker + feeders · complete cubicle1
Protection & control (secondary)relaymicroprocessor protection 50/51/51N + metering + SCADA interface1
Summary
Estimated total (FOB Qingdao, EXW) — priced equipmentPOA
📐 Single-line diagram
Intake / PenstockH = 80 mTurbineFrancis - 2.5 m3/sGenerator2000 kW - 0.4 kVGrid10 kV connection
LEGENDBreaker (52)CTCT (current transformer)PTPT (voltage transformer)50/51Protection relay 50/51/51NkWhMeter (kWh)SPD (surge protection)
📏 Standard basis
TopicStandard
Turbine model testIEC 60193 — hydraulic turbines (model acceptance tests)
Field acceptanceIEC 60041 — field acceptance tests for hydraulic machines
Hydro-generatorGB/T 15468 — fundamental technical specifications for hydro-generators
Step-up transformerGB/T 1094 — power transformers
🧮 How it was calculated
1. Output P = ρ·g·Q·H·η = 9.81 × 2.5 × 80 × 0.80 = 1570 kW
2. Turbine type: H = 80 m → Francis (impulse >200 m · Francis 30–200 m · Kaplan <30 m)
3. Generator: 1570 kW ÷ 0.95 → standard 2000 kW (2222 kVA @ pf 0.9)
4. Step-up: 0.4 kV → 10 kV
5. Annual energy = 1570 kW × 8760 h × CF 0.50 = 6,875 MWh/yr
6. LCOE = (CAPEX×CRF + OPEX) ÷ energy = $16.7/MWh (illustrative, turnkey factor 1.6)
📋 Design notes
Pricing basis: Turbine-generator set priced per-kW from the hydro-turbine-sets reference (FOB Qingdao, complete unit incl. governor + excitation; draft, pending final review). Step-up transformer uses the box-type-substations catalogue (≤1600 kVA); larger and 35 kV switchgear are quoted per project (POA).
Capacity factor: Annual generation uses the capacity-factor method (default 50%, adjustable 20–70%). Actual hydro output depends on seasonal flow duration curves and must be verified with site hydrology.
LCOE basis (illustrative): Full-cost LCOE annuitizes CAPEX over 30 years at 7% and adds 2%/yr OPEX. The turnkey factor 1.6 covers civil works (intake, penstock, powerhouse), installation and commissioning — actual costs vary widely by site.
Off-grid mode: Grid-connected mode sells all generation to the grid.
Design review: This is a preliminary sizing. A licensed hydro engineer must verify the turbine selection, penstock head-loss, cavitation margins and generator protection before procurement.

计算过程说明

核心公式

P = 9.81 × Q × H × η(kW)。年发电量 = P × 8760 × 容量系数。LCOE =(CAPEX × CRF + OPEX)÷ 年发电量(全成本、示意值)。

适用标准

IEC 60193(水轮机模型试验)、IEC 60041(现场验收)、GB/T 15468(水轮发电机)、GB/T 1094(电力变压器)。

常见问题

我的水头该用哪种水轮机?

水头 200 m 以上用冲击式(Pelton),30–200 m 用混流(Francis),30 m 以下用轴流定桨(Kaplan)。计算器会根据水头自动选择类型。

年发电量如何估算?

采用容量系数法:额定出力 × 8760 小时 × 容量系数(默认 50%,可调 20–70%)。实际出力取决于站点来水的丰枯历时曲线。

设备清单中哪些有价格?

水轮发电机组(按每 kW 参考价)、升压变压器、环网柜/高压开关柜、低压开关柜均有价。保护二次,以及离网模式下的柴发备机与电池——更大变压器与 35 kV 开关柜按项目报价。

这里的 LCOE 是什么?

度电成本:年化 CAPEX(30 年、7%)加 OPEX,除以年发电量。为示意值——1.6 的土建系数覆盖引水/厂房等土建。

嵌入此计算器

复制下方 iframe 代码,即可将此计算器嵌入任何网站。嵌入页面为 noindex,适配任意宽度。

相关计算器

结果为工程估算,仅供参考。最终设计须由当地持证工程师根据现场条件和适用规范确认。价格为 FOB 青岛(EXW),不含运费、关税及安装费。

发送我的完整设计报告

免费获取完整设备清单(BOM)、单线图、计算步骤与 FOB 报价的 PDF 报告,无需注册。

💬 WhatsApp 咨询

您的信息仅用于回复询盘,不用于任何其他用途。