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海外 EPC 成本估算器

估算海外电力设备项目的到岸成本——设备 FOB、海运、保险、进口关税和安装，附典型交期，遵循 Incoterms 2020。

开始计算 海外 EPC 解决方案

为什么使用此计算器

报价的设备价格只是海外项目的一部分。该估算器分解完整的到岸成本——FOB 设备、运费、保险、进口关税和安装——并给出典型交期，助您切合实际地为 EPC 项目做预算。

Worked Examples

Example 1 — 2 MVA Transformer Package to Africa (CIF, Turnkey) · FOB $270,897
Overseas EPC cost estimate · Africa · CIF
POA
landed cost · lead time 80 days · turnkey
Equipment FOB
POA
Freight (Africa)
POA
Duty
POA
Lead time
80 days
Landed cost
POA
🧾 Landed cost breakdown
Cost componentAmountBasis
Equipment FOB (Qingdao)POA
Ocean freight (Africa)POAtypical 12% of FOB
Marine insurancePOAtypical ~0.4% of CIF
Import duty & clearance (Africa)POAtypical 15% of CIF — verify with local broker
Installation & commissioningPOAtypical ~12% of FOB
Total landed cost$270,897
🌍 Destination cost factors (Africa, typical ranges)
ParameterValue
Ocean freight12% of FOB (typical)
Import duty15% of CIF (typical — verify HS code)
Local installation labor10% of FOB (typical)
Civil works (foundation/building)15% of FOB (typical)
Lead time80 days (production ~40 d + freight 40 d)
📦 Equipment BOM (FOB basis)
EquipmentModelSpecQty
HV incoming panelKYN28A-12-630-315630 A / 31.5 kA · vacuum1
Main transformerS13-M-2000/102000 kVA · Oil-Immersed · Copper · S131
LV incoming panelGGD-31503150 A busbar · In 2887 A1
LV feeder panelGGD-3150distributes 6 circuits1
PFC capacitor bank300 kVARautomatic · GCK LV cabinet1
Cable branch box (LV)DFW-0.41-in / 4-out · 0.4 kV · 630 A1
Series reactor (detuned)CKSG-18.0/0.418.0 kVAR · 6% · 0.4 kV1
Busway trunking (LV main feeder)Busway 4000 A4000 A · Cu/Al busway · 60 m · $1329/m1
Feeder cable — LV feeder circuit 1 (×6)YJV 120 mm² ×22× 120 mm² Cu · 481 A · ΔU 1.2% · $68.8/m12
Branch trunk cable (LV → branch box 1)YJV 185 mm² ×33× 185 mm² Cu · 962 A · ΔU 1.0% · $103.0/m3
Main busbar (Cu)Cu 125×10125×10 · 2500 A rating · ref $147.8/mincluded
Grounding electrodeΦ20mm × 2.5m rodR₁ 39.6 Ω → 13 rod(s) ≤ 4 Ω13
📐 Single-line diagram
CTCT 120/5APTPT 10kV/100V50/5151NHV incomingKYN28A-12-630-315630 A / 31.5 kA - vacuumS13-M-2000/102000 kVAZ = 4%Oil-Immersed - Copper - S13kWhmeteringLV incomingGGD-31500.4 kV LV busbar125x10 Cu - 2500 ASPDPFC 300 kVAR+ detuned reactorLV feeder panel x1 - 6 circuitsLV feeder circuit 1 - 481 AYJV 120 mm2LV feeder circuit 2 - 481 AYJV 120 mm2LV feeder circuit 3 - 481 AYJV 120 mm2LV feeder circuit 4 - 481 AYJV 120 mm2LV feeder circuit 5 - 481 AYJV 120 mm2LV feeder circuit 6 - 481 AYJV 120 mm2Grounding 13xdia20mmx2.5m rodCable branch box DFW-0.4 x1 (1-in / 4-out)
LEGENDBreaker (52)DisconnectorCTCT (current transformer)PTPT (voltage transformer)50/51Protection relay 50/51/51N/87kWhMeter (kWh)SPD (surge protection)Transformer
⚙️ Electrical schematic (protection & metering)
ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC - PROTECTION & METERING10 kV / 0.4 kV - 2000 kVA - secondary circuits (schematic)INCOMING 10 kVCT120/5Aprotection CT5250/5151Novercurrent / earth-faultPT10kV/100Vbus PT (voltage)TRANSFORMER2000 kVAZ = 4%kWhrevenue meteringLV 520.4 kV LV BUSSPDPFC300 kvarCT.../5ALV feeder circuit 1 - 481 A50/51CT.../5ALV feeder circuit 2 - 481 A50/51CT.../5ALV feeder circuit 3 - 481 A50/51CT.../5ALV feeder circuit 4 - 481 A50/51CT.../5ALV feeder circuit 5 - 481 A50/51CT.../5ALV feeder circuit 6 - 481 A50/51
⛳ Grounding grid layout
SUBSTATION GROUNDING GRID LAYOUTsite 12 m x 8 m - ring earth electrode (schematic)TRANSFORMERR1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R1312 mGround rods: 13 x dia 20 mm x 2.5 m copper-bonded steelRod spacing: 5 m (= 2 x rod length, ring electrode)Target resistance: <= 4 ohm (measure after installation)Standard: IEEE 80 / GB-T 50065 (earthing design) - indicative layout
🔌 Cable schedule & routing
CABLE SCHEDULEIDFromToCable (model / spec)LengthC0TransformerLV panelYJV 0.6/1kV 240 mm2 (2887 A)60 mC1LV panelLV feeder circuit 1YJV 120 mm2 (481 A)60 mC2LV panelLV feeder circuit 2YJV 120 mm2 (481 A)60 mC3LV panelLV feeder circuit 3YJV 120 mm2 (481 A)60 mC4LV panelLV feeder circuit 4YJV 120 mm2 (481 A)60 mC5Branch boxLV feeder circuit 5YJV 120 mm260 mC6Branch boxLV feeder circuit 6YJV 120 mm260 mROUTING (schematic)LV PANELL1L2L3L4L5L6L7Cable lengths are indicative (run-length based); confirm on site before installation.
🗄 Switchgear arrangement
SWITCHGEAR ARRANGEMENTpanel lineup (front view, schematic)HV INCOMINGKYN28A-12-630-315LV INCOMINGGGD-3150FEEDERGGD-3150PFC300 kvarBRANCH BOXDFW-0.45 panel(s) - each 128 mm (typical)Clearance / aisle per IEC 61936-1 - layout indicative
🛡 Protection configuration
PROTECTION CONFIGURATION10 kV / 0.4 kV - 2000 kVA - protection zones (schematic)INCOMING 10 kVCTCT 150/5A505151Novercurrent / earth-fault52TRANSFORMER2000 kVA - Z=4%8749differential + thermalCTCT 3000/5A505151NLV incoming protection520.4 kV LV BUSCTCT 500/5A50/5151NLV feeder circuit 1481 ACTCT 500/5A50/5151NLV feeder circuit 2481 ACTCT 500/5A50/5151NLV feeder circuit 3481 ACTCT 500/5A50/5151NLV feeder circuit 4481 ACTCT 500/5A50/5151NLV feeder circuit 5481 ACTCT 500/5A50/5151NLV feeder circuit 6481 AProtection layout & CT ratios are schematic / illustrative final settings per IEC 60255 / IEEE 242.
📋 Protection settings
CircuitProtectionSettingTimeStandard
HV incoming 10 kV50 instantaneous924 AinstIEC 60255-151 / IEEE 242
HV incoming 10 kV51 overcurrent139 A0.5 sIEC 60255-151 / IEEE 242
HV incoming 10 kV51N earth-fault23 A0.5 sIEC 60364-4-41
Transformer 2000 kVA87 differential23 AinstIEEE C37.91 / GB/T 14285
Transformer 2000 kVA49 thermal overload95% of ratedalarm/tripIEC 60076-7 / IEEE C57.91
LV incoming 0.4 kV50 instantaneous23094 AinstIEC 60947-2
LV incoming 0.4 kV51 overcurrent3464 A0.3 sIEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
LV incoming 0.4 kV51N earth-fault577 A0.3 sIEC 60364-4-41
LV feeder circuit 150/51/51N (MCCB)Ir 529 A - Im 3849 A - Ig 96 A0.1 s (grading)IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
LV feeder circuit 250/51/51N (MCCB)Ir 529 A - Im 3849 A - Ig 96 A0.1 s (grading)IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
LV feeder circuit 350/51/51N (MCCB)Ir 529 A - Im 3849 A - Ig 96 A0.1 s (grading)IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
LV feeder circuit 450/51/51N (MCCB)Ir 529 A - Im 3849 A - Ig 96 A0.1 s (grading)IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
LV feeder circuit 550/51/51N (MCCB)Ir 529 A - Im 3849 A - Ig 96 A0.1 s (grading)IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
LV feeder circuit 650/51/51N (MCCB)Ir 529 A - Im 3849 A - Ig 96 A0.1 s (grading)IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Settings are illustrative starting points — confirm with a protection coordination study per IEC 60255 / IEEE 242.
📚 Calculation book
CALCULATION BOOK
2000 kVA - 10kV/0.4kV - single - illustrative
1. Load calculation
Standard: IEC 60076 - IEC 60364-5-52
ParameterFormulaValue
Connected loadP = sum(kW)1,800 kW
Demand factorKd1
Demand powerPd = P x Kd1,800 kW
Power factorcos(phi) before -> after0.90 -> 0.95
Design apparent powerSd = Pd / cos(phi)1,895 kVA
Transformer loadingSd / Srated95%
2. Short-circuit calculation
Standard: IEC 60909
ParameterFormulaValue
System impedance (pu)Zs = S / Ssc0.40% (on 2000 kVA base)
Transformer impedanceZt = Z%4%
Total impedanceZ = Zt + Zs4.40%
LV prospective IscIsc = In / Z65.6 kA
HV prospective IscIsc = Ssc / (sqrt(3) x V)28.9 kA
Breaking checkIcu >= IscLV 80 kA (1.2x margin) PASS
3. Voltage drop
Standard: IEC 60364-5-52 Annex G
ParameterFormulaValue
Main feederdU = sqrt(3) x I x L x R / V240 mm2 - dU 1.00% @ 60 m
Limitmax 3%within limit
Transformer volt. reg.dU ~ loading x Z% x sin(phi)1.2% at full load
4. Reactive power / harmonics
Standard: IEC 61921 (PFC) - IEEE 519 (harmonics)
ParameterFormulaValue
Required compensationQc = Pd x (tan1 - tan2)280 kvar
PFC bankstandard step300 kvar
Detuned reactorp = 6%18.0 kvar @ 6% (anti-resonance)
5. Grounding
Standard: IEC 60364-5-54 earthing arrangements and protective conductors LV earthing target 10 ohm (TN systems); 4 ohm used as a conservative design target - target 4 ohm
ParameterFormulaValue
Single rod resistanceR1 = rho/(2 x pi x L) x ln(4L/d)39.6 ohm
Rods requiredn = R1 / (target x 0.8)13 rod(s) <= 4 ohm
Rod specdia x length20 mm x 2.5 m
This calculation book is illustrative it consolidates the computed values with the referenced standards. A licensed engineer must verify and seal final design documents for construction.
🔧 Secondary schematic (control & signal)
SECONDARY CONTROL & SIGNAL CIRCUIT0.4 kV circuit breaker close/trip + indication + interlock (TYPICAL)+control supplyCS (close)interlock52Cclose coil-TC (trip)prot trip52Ttrip coilSIGNAL (indication)52a (closed)REDbreaker closed-TYPICAL CIRCUITStandard control/signal scheme for LV feeder circuit 1.Project detailing required (wiring, terminal assignment).
🔩 Terminal strip (typical)
TERMINAL STRIP (TYPICAL)X1 secondary wiring terminals (typical project detailing required)TerminalFunctionWireX1:1control supply L+1.5 mm2X1:2control supply L-1.5 mm2X1:3close command1.5 mm2X1:4trip command1.5 mm2X1:5breaker 52a status1.5 mm2X1:6breaker 52b status1.5 mm2X1:7trip circuit healthy1.5 mm2X1:8earth / shield2.5 mm2
📏 Standard basis (依据标准)
TopicStandard
IncotermsIncoterms 2020 (ICC) — CIF · Cost, Insurance & Freight — seller pays ocean freight and insurance to destination; buyer bears import duty.
TransformersIEC 60076 · GB/T 6451 — power transformers
Packaging & exportEquipment packed for ocean export per destination requirements
🧮 How it was calculated
1. Equipment FOB = $191,697 (transformer + switchgear + compensation, 10/0.4 kV, 2000 kVA)
2. Ocean freight = $191,697 × 12% = $23,004 (typical)
3. Marine insurance = ($191,697 + $23,004) × 0.4% = $859
4. CIF = $215,559 → duty = $215,559 × 15% = $32,334 (typical)
5. Installation & commissioning = $191,697 × 12% = $23,004 (typical)
6. Total landed cost = $270,897 · estimated lead time 80 days (production ~40 d + freight 40 d)
📋 Design notes
Rates are typical ranges: Freight, insurance, duty, local labor and civil works percentages are illustrative industry-typical ranges, not quoted rates. Actual figures depend on vessel, container, HS code and destination — confirm with your freight forwarder and customs broker.
Currency & exchange rate: All amounts are quoted in USD (FOB Qingdao basis). Where a local-currency estimate is needed, apply the current USD exchange rate of the destination country at the time of quotation.
Duty basis: Import duty is calculated on the CIF value at the destination country’s MFN tariff for the relevant HS code (e.g. 8504.2x transformers). Duty is indicative only — confirm the exact HS code and rate with customs.
Incoterm CIF: Cost, Insurance & Freight — seller pays ocean freight and insurance to destination; buyer bears import duty. Under this term the seller's cost responsibility is reflected in the breakdown.
Equipment basis: Equipment FOB covers a 2000 kVA transformer + switchgear package from the catalogue. Civil works, substation building and electrical installation are separate (included only in turnkey scope).
Not an offer: This is a budget estimate for planning, not a binding quotation. Request a formal quotation for a firm price and delivery schedule.

计算过程说明

估算原理

设备 FOB 是目录中已计价的变压器 + 开关柜成套方案。海运和进口关税按目的地以典型百分比区间计取，保险约为 CIF 的 0.4%，安装约为 FOB 的 12%（交钥匙范围）。交期 = 生产（约 40 天）+ 海运天数。

适用标准

成本基准参照 Incoterms 2020（ICC）确定交货条件，变压器设备参照 IEC 60076 / GB/T 6451。运费、关税和保险数据为典型区间——请与您的货代和报关行核实。

常见问题

FOB 价和到岸成本有什么区别？

FOB（离岸价）是出口港价格，含货物与装船。到岸成本再加海运费、保险、进口关税和内陆运输。43000 美元 FOB 的变压器加运费（2-5%）、关税（5-15%）和装卸后可能到 48000-55000 美元。计算器从 FOB 预算到到岸。

变压器出口该用哪个贸易术语（Incoterms）？

常见选择：EXW（买方承担出厂后全部费用风险）、FOB（卖方负责装至出口港）、CIF（卖方承担到目的港运费保险）、DAP/DDP（卖方送货到目的地）。重型设备常用 CIF 或 FOB。计算器遵循 Incoterms 2020 并可按各术语预算。

变压器的海运费大概多少？

40 吨变压器的海运费通常为设备价值的 2-6%（整箱或散货），但重件或超限货可到 8-15%。在合理范围内距离和航线比重量影响更大。计算器套用运费百分比并估算到岸价。

电力变压器的进口关税是多少？

电力变压器（HS 编码 8504）进口关税因国而异，典型 0-15%。部分国家对可再生能源或基建项目免税。务必确认目的国 HS 编码和税率。计算器按你的税率算到岸成本。

变压器成套设备的交货期有多长？

标准配电变压器 4-8 周交货，定制中压设备和箱变 8-16 周，大型电力变压器 16-40 周。海运按航线再加 3-8 周。计算器含交货期估算以便规划。

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结果为工程估算，仅供参考。最终设计须由当地持证工程师根据现场条件和适用规范确认。价格为青岛交货价 FOB（EXW），不含运费、关税及安装费。

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