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海外 EPC 成本估算器

估算海外电力设备项目的到岸成本——设备 FOB、海运、保险、进口关税和安装，附典型交期，遵循 Incoterms 2020。

开始计算 海外 EPC 解决方案

为什么使用此计算器

报价的设备价格只是海外项目的一部分。该估算器分解完整的到岸成本——FOB 设备、运费、保险、进口关税和安装——并给出典型交期，助您切合实际地为 EPC 项目做预算。

Worked Examples

Example 1 — 2 MVA Transformer Package to Africa (CIF, Turnkey) · FOB $278,011
Overseas EPC cost estimate · Africa · CIF
POA
landed cost · lead time 80 days · turnkey
Equipment FOB
POA
Freight (Africa)
POA
Duty
POA
Lead time
80 days
Landed cost
POA
🧾 Landed cost breakdown
Cost componentAmountBasis
Equipment FOB (Qingdao)POA
Ocean freight (Africa)POAtypical 12% of FOB
Marine insurancePOAtypical ~0.4% of CIF
Import duty & clearance (Africa)POAtypical 15% of CIF — verify with local broker
Installation & commissioningPOAtypical ~12% of FOB
Total landed cost$278,011
🌍 Destination cost factors (Africa, typical ranges)
ParameterValue
Ocean freight12% of FOB (typical)
Import duty15% of CIF (typical — verify HS code)
Local installation labor10% of FOB (typical)
Civil works (foundation/building)15% of FOB (typical)
Lead time80 days (production ~40 d + freight 40 d)
📦 Equipment BOM (FOB basis)
EquipmentModelSpecQty
HV incoming panelKYN28A-12-630-315630 A / 31.5 kA · vacuum1
Main transformerS13-M-2000/102000 kVA · Oil-Immersed · Copper · S131
LV incoming panelGGD-31503150 A busbar · In 2887 A1
LV feeder panelGGD-3150distributes 6 circuits1
PFC capacitor bank300 kVARautomatic · GCK LV cabinet1
Cable branch box (LV)DFW-0.41-in / 4-out · 0.4 kV · 630 A1
Series reactor (detuned)CKSG-18.0/0.418.0 kVAR · 6% · 0.4 kV1
Busway trunking (LV main feeder)Busway 4000 A4000 A · Cu/Al busway · 60 m · $1329/m1
Feeder cable — LV feeder circuit 1 (×6)YJV 120 mm² ×22× 120 mm² Cu · 481 A · ΔU 1.2% · $68.8/m12
Branch trunk cable (LV → branch box 1)YJV 185 mm² ×33× 185 mm² Cu · 962 A · ΔU 1.0% · $103.0/m3
Main busbar (Cu)Cu 125×10125×10 · 2500 A rating · ref $147.8/mincluded
Grounding electrodeΦ20mm × 2.5m rodR₁ 39.6 Ω → 13 rod(s) ≤ 4 Ω13
📐 Single-line diagram
CT 120/5APT 10kV/100V50/5151NHV incomingKYN28A-12-630-315630 A / 31.5 kA · vacuumS13-M-2000/102000 kVAZ = 4%Oil-Immersed · Copper · S13kWhmeteringLV incomingGGD-31500.4 kV LV busbar125×10 Cu · 2500 ASPDPFC 300 kVAR+ detuned reactorLV feeder panel ×1 · 6 circuitsLV feeder circuit 1 · 481 AYJV 120 mm²LV feeder circuit 2 · 481 AYJV 120 mm²LV feeder circuit 3 · 481 AYJV 120 mm²LV feeder circuit 4 · 481 AYJV 120 mm²LV feeder circuit 5 · 481 AYJV 120 mm²LV feeder circuit 6 · 481 AYJV 120 mm²Grounding 13×Φ20mm×2.5m rodCable branch box DFW-0.4 ×1 (1-in / 4-out)
LEGENDBreaker (52)DisconnectorCT (current transformer)PT (voltage transformer)50/51Protection relay 50/51/51N/87kWhMeter (kWh)SPD (surge protection)Transformer
⚙️ Electrical schematic (protection & metering)
ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC - PROTECTION & METERING10 kV / 0.4 kV - 2000 kVA - secondary circuits (schematic)INCOMING 10 kV120/5Aprotection CTQF50/5151Novercurrent / earth-fault10kV/100Vbus PT (voltage)TRANSFORMER2000 kVAZ = 4%kWhrevenue meteringLV QF0.4 kV LV BUSSPDPFC300 kvar.../5ALV feeder circuit 1 - 481 A50/51.../5ALV feeder circuit 2 - 481 A50/51.../5ALV feeder circuit 3 - 481 A50/51.../5ALV feeder circuit 4 - 481 A50/51.../5ALV feeder circuit 5 - 481 A50/51.../5ALV feeder circuit 6 - 481 A50/51
⛳ Grounding grid layout
SUBSTATION GROUNDING GRID LAYOUTsite 12 m x 8 m - ring earth electrode (schematic)TRANSFORMERR1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R1312 mGround rods: 13 x dia 20 mm x 2.5 m copper-bonded steelRod spacing: 5 m (= 2 x rod length, ring electrode)Target resistance: <= 4 Ω (measure after installation)Standard: IEC 62305 / IEEE 80 (earthing design) - indicative layout
🔌 Cable schedule & routing
CABLE SCHEDULEIDFromToCable (model / spec)LengthC0TransformerLV panelYJV 0.6/1kV 240 mm² (2887 A)60 mC1LV panelLV feeder circuit 1YJV 120 mm² (481 A)60 mC2LV panelLV feeder circuit 2YJV 120 mm² (481 A)60 mC3LV panelLV feeder circuit 3YJV 120 mm² (481 A)60 mC4LV panelLV feeder circuit 4YJV 120 mm² (481 A)60 mC5Branch boxLV feeder circuit 5YJV 120 mm²60 mC6Branch boxLV feeder circuit 6YJV 120 mm²60 mROUTING (schematic)LV PANELL1L2L3L4L5L6L7Cable lengths are indicative (run-length based); confirm on site before installation.
🗄 Switchgear arrangement
SWITCHGEAR ARRANGEMENTpanel lineup (front view, schematic)HV INCOMINGKYN28A-12-630-315LV INCOMINGGGD-3150FEEDERGGD-3150PFC300 kvarBRANCH BOXDFW-0.45 panel(s) - each 128 mm (typical)Clearance / aisle per IEC 61936-1 - layout indicative
🛡 Protection configuration
PROTECTION CONFIGURATION10 kV / 0.4 kV · 2000 kVA · protection zones (schematic)INCOMING 10 kVCT 150/5A505151Novercurrent / earth-faultQFTRANSFORMER2000 kVA · Z=4%8749differential + thermalCT 3000/5A505151NLV incoming protectionQF0.4 kV LV BUSCT 500/5A50/5151NLV feeder circuit 1481 ACT 500/5A50/5151NLV feeder circuit 2481 ACT 500/5A50/5151NLV feeder circuit 3481 ACT 500/5A50/5151NLV feeder circuit 4481 ACT 500/5A50/5151NLV feeder circuit 5481 ACT 500/5A50/5151NLV feeder circuit 6481 AProtection layout & CT ratios are schematic / illustrative final settings per IEC 60255 / IEEE 242.
📋 Protection settings
CircuitProtectionSettingTimeStandard
HV incoming 10 kV50 instantaneous924 AinstIEC 60255-151 / IEEE 242
HV incoming 10 kV51 overcurrent139 A0.5 sIEC 60255-151 / IEEE 242
HV incoming 10 kV51N earth-fault23 A0.5 sIEC 60364-4-41
Transformer 2000 kVA87 differential23 AinstIEEE C37.91 / GB/T 14285
Transformer 2000 kVA49 thermal overload95% of ratedalarm/tripIEC 60076-7 / IEEE C57.91
LV incoming 0.4 kV50 instantaneous23094 AinstIEC 60947-2
LV incoming 0.4 kV51 overcurrent3464 A0.3 sIEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
LV incoming 0.4 kV51N earth-fault577 A0.3 sIEC 60364-4-41
LV feeder circuit 150/51/51N (MCCB)Ir 529 A · Im 3849 A · Ig 96 A0.1 s (grading)IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
LV feeder circuit 250/51/51N (MCCB)Ir 529 A · Im 3849 A · Ig 96 A0.1 s (grading)IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
LV feeder circuit 350/51/51N (MCCB)Ir 529 A · Im 3849 A · Ig 96 A0.1 s (grading)IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
LV feeder circuit 450/51/51N (MCCB)Ir 529 A · Im 3849 A · Ig 96 A0.1 s (grading)IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
LV feeder circuit 550/51/51N (MCCB)Ir 529 A · Im 3849 A · Ig 96 A0.1 s (grading)IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
LV feeder circuit 650/51/51N (MCCB)Ir 529 A · Im 3849 A · Ig 96 A0.1 s (grading)IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Settings are illustrative starting points — confirm with a protection coordination study per IEC 60255 / IEEE 242.
📚 Calculation book
CALCULATION BOOK
2000 kVA · 10kV/0.4kV · single · illustrative
1. Load calculation
Standard: IEC 60076 · IEC 60364-5-52
ParameterFormulaValue
Connected loadP = sum(kW)1,800 kW
Demand factorKd1
Demand powerPd = P x Kd1,800 kW
Power factorcos(phi) before -> after0.90 -> 0.95
Design apparent powerSd = Pd / cos(phi)1,895 kVA
Transformer loadingSd / Srated95%
2. Short-circuit calculation
Standard: IEC 60909
ParameterFormulaValue
System impedance (pu)Zs = S / Ssc0.40% (on 2000 kVA base)
Transformer impedanceZt = Z%4%
Total impedanceZ = Zt + Zs4.40%
LV prospective IscIsc = In / Z65.6 kA
HV prospective IscIsc = Ssc / (sqrt(3) x V)28.9 kA
Breaking checkIcu >= IscLV 80 kA (1.2x margin) PASS
3. Voltage drop
Standard: IEC 60364-5-52 Annex G
ParameterFormulaValue
Main feederdU = sqrt(3) x I x L x R / V240 mm² · dU 1.00% @ 60 m
Limitmax 3%within limit
Transformer volt. reg.dU ~ loading x Z% x sin(phi)1.2% at full load
4. Reactive power / harmonics
Standard: IEC 61921 (PFC) · IEEE 519 (harmonics)
ParameterFormulaValue
Required compensationQc = Pd x (tan1 - tan2)280 kvar
PFC bankstandard step300 kvar
Detuned reactorp = 6%18.0 kvar @ 6% (anti-resonance)
5. Grounding
Standard: IEC 60364-5-54 earthing arrangements and protective conductors LV earthing target 10 Ω (TN systems); 4 Ω used as a conservative design target · target 4 ohm
ParameterFormulaValue
Single rod resistanceR1 = rho/(2 x pi x L) x ln(4L/d)39.6 ohm
Rods requiredn = R1 / (target x 0.8)13 rod(s) <= 4 ohm
Rod specdia x length20 mm x 2.5 m
This calculation book is illustrative it consolidates the computed values with the referenced standards. A licensed engineer must verify and seal final design documents for construction.
🔧 Secondary schematic (control & signal)
SECONDARY CONTROL & SIGNAL CIRCUIT0.4 kV circuit breaker close/trip + indication + interlock (TYPICAL)+control supplyCS (close)interlock52Cclose coil-TC (trip)prot trip52Ttrip coilSIGNAL (indication)52a (closed)REDbreaker closed-TYPICAL CIRCUITStandard control/signal scheme for LV feeder circuit 1.Project detailing required (wiring, terminal assignment).
🔩 Terminal strip (typical)
TERMINAL STRIP (TYPICAL)X1 secondary wiring terminals (typical project detailing required)TerminalFunctionWireX1:1control supply L+1.5 mm²X1:2control supply L-1.5 mm²X1:3close command1.5 mm²X1:4trip command1.5 mm²X1:5breaker 52a status1.5 mm²X1:6breaker 52b status1.5 mm²X1:7trip circuit healthy1.5 mm²X1:8earth / shield2.5 mm²
📏 Standard basis (依据标准)
TopicStandard
IncotermsIncoterms 2020 (ICC) — CIF · Cost, Insurance & Freight — seller pays ocean freight and insurance to destination; buyer bears import duty.
TransformersIEC 60076 · GB/T 6451 — power transformers
Packaging & exportEquipment packed for ocean export per destination requirements
🧮 How it was calculated
1. Equipment FOB = $196,731 (transformer + switchgear + compensation, 10/0.4 kV, 2000 kVA)
2. Ocean freight = $196,731 × 12% = $23,608 (typical)
3. Marine insurance = ($196,731 + $23,608) × 0.4% = $881
4. CIF = $221,220 → duty = $221,220 × 15% = $33,183 (typical)
5. Installation & commissioning = $196,731 × 12% = $23,608 (typical)
6. Total landed cost = $278,011 · estimated lead time 80 days (production ~40 d + freight 40 d)
📋 Design notes
Rates are typical ranges: Freight, insurance, duty, local labor and civil works percentages are illustrative industry-typical ranges, not quoted rates. Actual figures depend on vessel, container, HS code and destination — confirm with your freight forwarder and customs broker.
Currency & exchange rate: All amounts are quoted in USD (FOB Qingdao basis). Where a local-currency estimate is needed, apply the current USD exchange rate of the destination country at the time of quotation.
Duty basis: Import duty is calculated on the CIF value at the destination country’s MFN tariff for the relevant HS code (e.g. 8504.2x transformers). Duty is indicative only — confirm the exact HS code and rate with customs.
Incoterm CIF: Cost, Insurance & Freight — seller pays ocean freight and insurance to destination; buyer bears import duty. Under this term the seller's cost responsibility is reflected in the breakdown.
Equipment basis: Equipment FOB covers a 2000 kVA transformer + switchgear package from the catalogue. Civil works, substation building and electrical installation are separate (included only in turnkey scope).
Not an offer: This is a budget estimate for planning, not a binding quotation. Request a formal quotation for a firm price and delivery schedule.

计算过程说明

估算原理

设备 FOB 是目录中已计价的变压器 + 开关柜成套方案。海运和进口关税按目的地以典型百分比区间计取，保险约为 CIF 的 0.4%，安装约为 FOB 的 12%（交钥匙范围）。交期 = 生产（约 40 天）+ 海运天数。

适用标准

成本基准参照 Incoterms 2020（ICC）确定交货条件，变压器设备参照 IEC 60076 / GB/T 6451。运费、关税和保险数据为典型区间——请与您的货代和报关行核实。

常见问题

FOB 价和到岸成本有什么区别？

FOB（离岸价）是出口港价格，含货物与装船。到岸成本再加海运费、保险、进口关税和内陆运输。43000 美元 FOB 的变压器加运费（2-5%）、关税（5-15%）和装卸后可能到 48000-55000 美元。计算器从 FOB 预算到到岸。

变压器出口该用哪个贸易术语（Incoterms）？

常见选择：EXW（买方承担出厂后全部费用风险）、FOB（卖方负责装至出口港）、CIF（卖方承担到目的港运费保险）、DAP/DDP（卖方送货到目的地）。重型设备常用 CIF 或 FOB。计算器遵循 Incoterms 2020 并可按各术语预算。

变压器的海运费大概多少？

40 吨变压器的海运费通常为设备价值的 2-6%（整箱或散货），但重件或超限货可到 8-15%。在合理范围内距离和航线比重量影响更大。计算器套用运费百分比并估算到岸价。

电力变压器的进口关税是多少？

电力变压器（HS 编码 8504）进口关税因国而异，典型 0-15%。部分国家对可再生能源或基建项目免税。务必确认目的国 HS 编码和税率。计算器按你的税率算到岸成本。

变压器成套设备的交货期有多长？

标准配电变压器 4-8 周交货，定制中压设备和箱变 8-16 周，大型电力变压器 16-40 周。海运按航线再加 3-8 周。计算器含交货期估算以便规划。

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结果为工程估算，仅供参考。最终设计须由当地持证工程师根据现场条件和适用规范确认。价格为青岛交货价 FOB（EXW），不含运费、关税及安装费。

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