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油田电力系统计算器

为偏远油田设计配电系统 — 游梁式抽油机、注入泵和 ESP 电机负载、预制式箱式变电站配置、电机启动电压跌落校验及离网选项。

开始计算油井与油田解决方案

为什么使用此计算器

油田负载分布广泛且常处于离网状态，因此正确的架构是按集群配置预制式（箱式）变电站，并保持 LV 馈线短距离。本计算器汇总游梁式抽油机、注入泵和 ESP 电机，应用需用系数，校验最大电机启动电压跌落并配置箱式变电站 — 仅限电气侧。

Worked Examples

Example 1 — Oilfield Beam Pumps + ESP + Injection (Oil-Immersed Substation) · FOB $434,219

Oilfield power system · 10kV/0.4kV

2,000 kVA transformer

S13-M-2000/10 · demand 1,643 kW · start dip 2.3%

Connected load

2,190 kW

Demand (Kd 0.75)

1,643 kW

Largest motor

250 kW

Start dip

2.3%

Est. total (FOB)

POA

📦 Bill of Materials

Equipment	Model	Spec	Qty
HV incoming panel	XGN15-12	630 A · SF6 · 4-way	1
Main transformer	S13-M-2000/10	2000 kVA · Oil-Immersed · Copper · S13	1
LV incoming panel	GGD-3150	3150 A busbar · In 2887 A	1
LV feeder panel (×5)	GGD-3150	distributes 29 circuits	5
PFC capacitor bank	500 kVAR	automatic · GCK LV cabinet	1
Cable branch box (LV)	DFW-0.4	1-in / 4-out · 0.4 kV · 630 A	7
Series reactor (detuned)	CKSG-30.0/0.4	30.0 kVAR · 6% · 0.4 kV	1
Busway trunking (LV main feeder)	Busway 4000 A	4000 A · Cu/Al busway · 120 m · $1329/m	1
Feeder cable — Beam pump 1 (×29)	YJV 50 mm²	50 mm² Cu · 128 A · ΔU 3.0% · $25.2/m	29
Branch trunk cable (LV → branch box 1)	YJV 120 mm² ×2	2× 120 mm² Cu · 513 A · ΔU 2.5% · $68.8/m	2
Branch trunk cable (LV → branch box 2)	YJV 120 mm² ×2	2× 120 mm² Cu · 513 A · ΔU 2.5% · $68.8/m	2
Branch trunk cable (LV → branch box 3)	YJV 120 mm² ×2	2× 120 mm² Cu · 513 A · ΔU 2.5% · $68.8/m	2
Branch trunk cable (LV → branch box 4)	YJV 120 mm² ×2	2× 120 mm² Cu · 513 A · ΔU 2.5% · $68.8/m	2
Branch trunk cable (LV → branch box 5)	YJV 120 mm² ×2	2× 120 mm² Cu · 513 A · ΔU 2.5% · $68.8/m	2
Branch trunk cable (LV → branch box 6)	YJV 120 mm² ×2	2× 120 mm² Cu · 513 A · ΔU 2.5% · $68.8/m	2
Branch trunk cable (LV → branch box 7)	YJV 50 mm²	50 mm² Cu · 128 A · ΔU 3.0% · $25.2/m	1
Main busbar (Cu)	Cu 125×10	125×10 · 2500 A rating · ref $147.8/m	included
Grounding electrode	Φ20mm × 2.5m rod	R₁ 39.6 Ω → 13 rod(s) ≤ 4 Ω	13
Soft starter cabinet (largest motor)	250 kW	Soft starter (3.0× In) · start dip 2.3%	1
Injection pump soft starter / protection	250 kW	high-pressure injection pump · soft-start + overload/underload protection	4
ESP variable-frequency drive (VFD)	90 kW	ESP soft-start + speed control · downhole pump protection	5

📐 Single-line diagram

⚙️ Electrical schematic (protection & metering)

⛳ Grounding grid layout

🔌 Cable schedule & routing

🗄 Switchgear arrangement

🛡 Protection configuration

📋 Protection settings

Circuit	Protection	Setting	Time	Standard
HV incoming 10 kV	50 instantaneous	924 A	inst	IEC 60255-151 / IEEE 242
HV incoming 10 kV	51 overcurrent	139 A	0.5 s	IEC 60255-151 / IEEE 242
HV incoming 10 kV	51N earth-fault	23 A	0.5 s	IEC 60364-4-41
Transformer 2000 kVA	87 differential	23 A	inst	IEEE C37.91 / GB/T 14285
Transformer 2000 kVA	49 thermal overload	86% of rated	alarm 90%	IEC 60076-7 / IEEE C57.91
LV incoming 0.4 kV	50 instantaneous	23094 A	inst	IEC 60947-2
LV incoming 0.4 kV	51 overcurrent	3464 A	0.3 s	IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
LV incoming 0.4 kV	51N earth-fault	577 A	0.3 s	IEC 60364-4-41
Beam pump 1	50/51/51N (MCCB)	Ir 141 A - Im 1026 A - Ig 26 A	0.1 s (grading)	IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Beam pump 2	50/51/51N (MCCB)	Ir 141 A - Im 1026 A - Ig 26 A	0.1 s (grading)	IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Beam pump 3	50/51/51N (MCCB)	Ir 141 A - Im 1026 A - Ig 26 A	0.1 s (grading)	IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Beam pump 4	50/51/51N (MCCB)	Ir 141 A - Im 1026 A - Ig 26 A	0.1 s (grading)	IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Beam pump 5	50/51/51N (MCCB)	Ir 141 A - Im 1026 A - Ig 26 A	0.1 s (grading)	IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
Beam pump 6	50/51/51N (MCCB)	Ir 141 A - Im 1026 A - Ig 26 A	0.1 s (grading)	IEC 60947-2 / IEC 60255
+23 more feeders	50/51/51N (MCCB)	per feeder load	0.1 s (grading)	IEC 60947-2

Settings are illustrative starting points — confirm with a protection coordination study per IEC 60255 / IEEE 242.

📚 Calculation book

CALCULATION BOOK

2000 kVA - 10kV/0.4kV - single - illustrative

1. Load calculation

Standard: IEC 60076 - IEC 60364-5-52

Parameter	Formula	Value
Connected load	P = sum(kW)	2,190 kW
Demand factor	Kd	0.75
Demand power	Pd = P x Kd	1,643 kW
Power factor	cos(phi) before -> after	0.85 -> 0.95
Design apparent power	Sd = Pd / cos(phi)	1,729 kVA
Transformer loading	Sd / Srated	86%

2. Short-circuit calculation

Standard: IEC 60909

Parameter	Formula	Value
System impedance (pu)	Zs = S / Ssc	0.80% (on 2000 kVA base)
Transformer impedance	Zt = Z%	4%
Total impedance	Z = Zt + Zs	4.80%
LV prospective Isc	Isc = In / Z	60.1 kA
HV prospective Isc	Isc = Ssc / (sqrt(3) x V)	14.4 kA
Breaking check	Icu >= Isc	LV 65 kA (1.1x margin) PASS

3. Voltage drop

Standard: IEC 60364-5-52 Annex G

Parameter	Formula	Value
Main feeder	dU = sqrt(3) x I x L x R / V	240 mm2 - dU 2.01% @ 120 m
Limit	max 3%	within limit
Transformer volt. reg.	dU ~ loading x Z% x sin(phi)	1.1% at full load

4. Reactive power / harmonics

Standard: IEC 61921 (PFC) - IEEE 519 (harmonics)

Parameter	Formula	Value
Required compensation	Qc = Pd x (tan1 - tan2)	478 kvar
PFC bank	standard step	500 kvar
Detuned reactor	p = 6%	30.0 kvar @ 6% (anti-resonance)

5. Grounding

Standard: IEC 60364-5-54 earthing arrangements and protective conductors LV earthing target 10 ohm (TN systems); 4 ohm used as a conservative design target - target 4 ohm

Parameter	Formula	Value
Single rod resistance	R1 = rho/(2 x pi x L) x ln(4L/d)	39.6 ohm
Rods required	n = R1 / (target x 0.8)	13 rod(s) <= 4 ohm
Rod spec	dia x length	20 mm x 2.5 m

This calculation book is illustrative it consolidates the computed values with the referenced standards. A licensed engineer must verify and seal final design documents for construction.

🔧 Secondary schematic (control & signal)

🔩 Terminal strip (typical)

⚙️ Motor starting check (largest motor)

Parameter	Value
Motor	250 kW · started Soft starter (3.0× In)
Starting kVA	980 kVA
Feeder short-circuit	250 MVA
Voltage dip	2.3% vs limit 15% — OK ✓

📏 Standard basis (依据标准)

Topic	Standard
Standard basis	IEC · IEC 60364-5-52
Conductor ampacity	IEC 60364-5-52 Table B.52.2–B.52.5 (copper, 3 loaded conductors, 30°C ambient, PVC) — typical/rounded values, conservative (±3%)
Voltage-drop limit	IEC 60364-5-52 Annex G · max drop 3%
Winding temp rise	IEC 60076-2 — winding temp rise 65 K (Class A insulation, ONAN)
kVA ratings	IEC 60076-1 R10 preferred numbers
Breaker frames	IEC 60947-2 frame sizes (In)
Grounding target	IEC 60364-5-54 earthing arrangements and protective conductors — LV earthing target ≤ 10 Ω (TN systems); 4 Ω used as a conservative design target · target 4 Ω
Oil-immersed distribution transformer	GB/T 6451 · IEC 60076 — oil-immersed power transformers
Rotating machines	IEC 60034 — rotating electrical machines (motor rating & starting)
Power supply design	GB 50052 — code for design of electric power supply systems

🧮 How it was calculated

1. Beam pumps: 20 × 37 kW = 740 kW

2. Injection pumps: 4 × 250 kW = 1,000 kW

3. ESP motors: 5 × 90 kW = 450 kW

4. Connected load = 2,190 kW → demand P = 2,190 × 0.75 = 1,643 kW

5. Largest motor start (motor-starting): Sstart = 250 ÷ (0.9×0.85) × 3.0 = 980 kVA → dip = 2.3% vs limit 15%

6. Loads: P=2,190 kW, PF 0.85, 29 circuits

7. Demand: 2,190 × 0.75 = 1,643 kW

8. PFC: Qc = 1,643 × (0.620 − 0.329) = 478 kVAR → 500 kVAR bank

9. Transformer: S = 1,643 ÷ 0.95 = 1728.9 kVA → 2,000 kVA standard

10. Loading: 1,729 ÷ 2,000 = 86% (good range)

11. Voltage regulation: 86% × 4% × sinφ ≈ 1.1% at full load

12. HV: In 115.5 A, Isc 14.4 kA → XGN15-12

13. LV: In 2887 A, Isc 60.1 kA (Xfmr Z 4% + system 0.8%) → GGD-3150, 5 feeder panel(s)

14. Cable branch boxes: 7 × DFW-0.4 (1-in/4-out) for feeder grouping

15. Grounding: R₁ 39.6 Ω → 13 rod(s)

16. Main feeder: 7× 240 mm² · ΔU 2.01% — OK · busway 4000 A

Summary
Estimated total (FOB Qingdao, EXW) — priced equipment				$434,219

📋 Design notes

Pricing basis: FOB Qingdao (EXW) equipment price. Freight, duty and installation are not included — add for landed economics.

Transformer loading: 86% at design demand — good range.

Short-circuit check: HV via RMU (SF6, 20 kA) · LV 60.1 kA vs 65 kA breaking (1.1× margin).

Voltage regulation: ≈ 1.1% at full load (typical limit 5%).

Power factor correction: 500 kVAR automatic bank corrects PF to 0.95.

Copper price linkage: Copper-wound transformer price tracks LME copper (current $14,115/t · 2026-09-14 · LME Copper (Sina hf_CAD)).

Parallel conductors: Single-cable ampacity exceeded — parallel conductors specified: main feeder 7× 240 mm², branch trunk 1 2× 120 mm², branch trunk 2 2× 120 mm², branch trunk 3 2× 120 mm², branch trunk 4 2× 120 mm² … +2 more (per IEC 60364-5-52 / GB 50054).

Cable & grounding pricing: Cable conductors and grounding are priced from the confirmed cables-trays-grounding price reference (per-metre copper YJV; aluminium remains POA). The main copper busbar is POA — its length is project-specific.

Busway (high-current feeders): LV current 2887 A exceeds the 2500 A busbar limit — a 4000 A busway trunking system is specified instead of parallel cables.

Motor starting: Largest motor 250 kW started Soft starter draws a 2.3% bus dip (within the 15% limit).

Distributed load: Oilfield loads are widely distributed — an oil-immersed transformer substation per cluster keeps LV feeders short and reduces cable cost.

Off-grid: Grid-connected: supply via 10 kV overhead/feeder line.

Injection pump & ESP drives: High-pressure injection pumps use soft starters with overload/underload protection; ESP motors use variable-frequency drives for soft starting and production-rate control — quoted per project.

Scope: Electrical power side only — mechanical/petroleum engineering (API wellhead/rod-pump specs) is outside this calculator.

计算过程说明

选型计算方式

连接负载 = Σ（台数 × 单台 kW）。需用功率 P = 连接负载 × 需用系数。最大电机启动容量 kVA = P ÷ (η·cosφ) × kst；由此产生的母线电压跌落 = Sstart ÷ (Sstart + Ssc)，按 15% 限值校验。随后按目标功率因数选型箱式变电站变压器。

适用标准

选型参考 GB/T 17467 和 IEC 62271（预制式变电站）、IEC 60034（旋转电机）及 GB 50052（供电设计）。

常见问题

油田游梁式抽油机电机用多大电压？

游梁式抽油机电机 45 kW 以下典型用 0.4 kV，更大机组用 0.66 kV 或 1.14 kV 以降低分散井场的电缆损耗。37 kW 机组用 0.4 kV；井距 1-2 km 的井场宜采用 10/0.66 kV 或 10/1.14 kV 配电，每簇配一台箱式变电站。

油田电机为什么需要软启动？

直接启动电流为额定值的 5-7 倍，会使弱而长的馈线电压跌到 85% 以下，导致相邻泵停机。软启动器把启动电流限制在 2.5-3.5 倍、10-30 秒内斜坡升矩。这在离网或长放射式油田馈线上尤其重要；计算器校核电机启动压降并推荐软启动或变频。

什么是电潜泵（ESP），它如何供电？

电潜泵（ESP）是由潜油电机驱动的井下离心泵，地面经升压变压器和变频器供电。典型 90 kW ESP 由专用 10/0.66-3.3 kV 馈线经变频器供电，使泵速匹配井的供液能力。ESP 对电压质量敏感，因此谐波与压降控制很重要。

油田什么时候适合用离网供电系统？

离网（柴油/燃气发电 + 储能）适合偏远井场，因为电网接入每公里线路成本约 2-5 万美元。典型离网油田负荷 50-500 kW。用伴生气发电可比柴油省 60-80% 燃料费；计算器对离网方案与并网方案并列报价。

多井油田该取多大的需用系数？

20 台抽油机不会同时满载运行，需用系数典型取 0.7-0.8；注水泵和 ESP 负荷更连续，取 0.8-0.9。计算器默认 0.75 并可现场调整，避免变压器超配 25-35%。

油田箱式变电站遵循哪些标准？

油田箱式变电站遵循 GB/T 17467（预装式变电站）和 IEC 62271-202（高/低压预装式变电站），外壳按危险区域分级做防爆或全天候防护。变压器遵循 IEC 60076；计算器 BOM 会逐项标注适用标准依据。

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