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风光储混合配置器

配置风电 + 光伏 + 储能混合电站 — 容量匹配与互补性分析、P50/P90 发电量、全成本 LCOE，以及带单线图的设备报价 BOM。

开始计算可再生能源解决方案

为什么使用此计算器

风电与光伏具有互补性 — 风电在夜间和冬季达到峰值，光伏在正午和夏季达到峰值。本计算器将三种技术统筹选型，根据您的风光资源估算年发电量，并计算透明、保守的全成本 LCOE。

Worked Examples

Example 1 — 20 MW Wind + 30 MW PV + 20 MWh Storage (Grid) · FOB $54,500,000

Wind + Solar + Storage hybrid · 35kV · grid-connected

91,980 MWh/yr

P50 91,980 · P90 78,183 MWh/yr · LCOE $61.7/MWh

Wind

20 MW

Solar

30 MWp

Storage

20 MWh / 4 h

LCOE (P50)

$61.7/MWh

Est. BOM (FOB)

POA

📦 Bill of Materials

Equipment	Model	Spec	Qty
Wind turbine generators	20 MW total	onshore · turbine only $282/kW (FOB reference; tower & BOP quoted per project)	1
Wind farm box transformer	22000 kVA	> 1600 kVA — outside catalogue, quoted per project	1
Wind collector cable (集电电缆)	35 kV MV	radial collector feeders + trenching · quoted per project	1
Site access roads & crane pads (场内道路)	civil	turbine access roads, hardstands & foundations · quoted per project	1
Wind turbine erection & crane (吊装)	installation	heavy-lift crane + erection crew · quoted per project	1
PV modules	54545 × 550 Wp	mono PERC · 30 MWp DC	1
String inverters	30 MW AC	three-phase · grid-tied	1
PV mounting structure	30 MWp	ground-mount	1
Battery energy storage (BESS)	20 MWh	LFP · 90% DoD · 90% RTE	1
Power conversion system (PCS)	5000 kW	4 h duration · bidirectional	1
Battery management system (BMS)	cluster	cell monitoring & balancing	1
Step-up power transformer	52.6 MVA	MV/35 kV grid connection · outside distribution catalogue	1

📐 Single-line diagram

⚙️ Electrical schematic (protection & metering)

⛳ Grounding grid layout

🔌 Cable schedule & routing

🗄 Switchgear arrangement

🛡 Protection configuration

📋 Protection settings

Circuit	Protection	Setting	Time	Standard
Wind farm collector	50/51 overcurrent	396 A	0.1 s	IEC 60255-151
PV plant collector	50/51 overcurrent	594 A	0.1 s	IEC 60255-151
BESS collector	50/51 overcurrent	99 A	0.1 s	IEC 60255-151
Step-up transformer 52632 kVA	87 differential	0.2 x CT	inst	IEEE C37.91 / GB/T 14285
Step-up transformer 52632 kVA	50/51 overcurrent	1042 A	0.3 s	IEC 60255-151
Step-up transformer 52632 kVA	49 thermal	100% rated	alarm 90%	IEC 60076-7 / IEEE C57.91
Grid interconnection 35 kV	anti-islanding / ROCOF	per grid code	per grid code	IEEE 1547 / GB/T 19964-2024
Grid interconnection 35 kV	AGC / AVC dispatch interface	per grid code	per grid code	GB/T 19963 / IEEE 1547
Dispatch data network	IEC 60870-5-104 telecontrol	RTU + comm link	per grid code	IEC 60870-5-104
Power forecast	PV / wind power forecast interface	15-min resolution	per grid code	GB/T 19964-2024

Settings are illustrative starting points — confirm with a protection coordination study per IEC 60255 / IEEE 242.

📚 Calculation book

CALCULATION BOOK

Wind-solar-storage hybrid - 35 kV - grid-tied - illustrative

1. Wind resource

Standard: IEC 61400 (wind energy)

Parameter	Formula	Value
Capacity	Pwind	20 MW
Capacity factor	cf @ 7 m/s	30%
Annual energy	E = P x cf x 8760	52,560 MWh/yr

2. PV resource

Standard: IEC 61724

Parameter	Formula	Value
Capacity	Ppv	30 MWp
Specific yield	GHI x 365 x PR	1314 kWh/kWp/yr
Annual energy	E = P x specific yield	39,420 MWh/yr

3. Storage

Standard: IEC 62933 (EES)

Parameter	Formula	Value
Energy capacity	MWh	20 MWh / 4 h
Power	P = MWh / h	5.0 MW
Round-trip efficiency	rte	90% - DoD 90%

4. Generation & complementarity

Standard: resource assessment (illustrative)

Parameter	Formula	Value
Total energy (P50)	E_wind + E_pv	91,980 MWh/yr
P90	P50 x 0.85	78,183 MWh/yr
Complementarity	wind share	strong (balanced wind + solar)

5. Step-up & economics

Standard: IEC 60076 - NREL ATB

Parameter	Formula	Value
Step-up transformer	kVA	52632 kVA (52.6 MVA)
Installed CAPEX	wind + PV + storage	$54,500,000
LCOE (P50)	full-cost	$61.7/MWh

This calculation book is illustrative resource factors and costs are typical assumptions. A licensed engineer must verify and seal final design documents.

🔧 Secondary schematic (control & signal)

🔩 Terminal strip (typical)

🌬️☀️ Resource & generation

Parameter	Value
Wind capacity factor	30% at 7 m/s (illustrative)
Wind energy	52,560 MWh/yr
PV specific yield	1,314 kWh/kWp/yr (4.5 kWh/m²/day, PR 0.8)
PV energy	39,420 MWh/yr
Complementarity	strong (balanced wind + solar)

💰 Economics (full-cost, illustrative)

Parameter	Value
Installed CAPEX	$54,500,000 (wind $1,150/kW · PV $850/kW · storage $300/kWh)
Annual OPEX	$1,000,000
P50 generation	91,980 MWh/yr
P90 generation	78,183 MWh/yr
LCOE (P50)	$61.7/MWh
LCOE (P90)	$72.6/MWh

📏 Standard basis (依据标准)

Topic	Standard
Wind grid connection	GB/T 19963 — technical rule for connecting wind farm to power system
PV grid connection	GB/T 19964-2024 — technical rule for connecting photovoltaic power station to power system
Wind turbines	IEC 61400 — wind turbines (design requirements)
Battery storage	GB/T 36547 — technical rule for electrochemical energy storage connecting to power grid

🧮 How it was calculated

1. Wind: 20 MW × CF 0.30 (at 7 m/s) × 8760 h = 52,560 MWh/yr

2. PV: 30 MWp × 4.5 kWh/m²/day × 365 × PR 0.8 = 39,420 MWh/yr

3. Combined P50 = 91,980 MWh/yr · P90 = 78,183 MWh/yr (0.85 × P50, illustrative)

4. Storage: 20 MWh / 4 h = 5000 kW PCS · DoD 90% · RTE 90%

5. Complementarity: strong (balanced wind + solar)

6. Full-cost LCOE = (CAPEX × CRF + OPEX) ÷ energy = ($54,500,000 × 0.0858 + $1,000,000) ÷ 91,980 MWh = $61.7/MWh (illustrative)

Summary
Estimated total (FOB Qingdao, EXW) — priced equipment				$14,577,056

📋 Design notes

Economics basis (illustrative): LCOE uses installed-cost basis: wind $1,150/kW, PV $850/kW, storage $300/kWh (NREL 2024 ATB / Lazard 2024 typical ranges). Excludes taxes, financing fees, degradation and curtailment. Actual project economics vary by site.

BOM vs economics reconciliation (P2-12): The BOM FOB total ($14,577,056) prices only the catalogue items (PV + storage); wind turbines and the step-up transformer are POA. The illustrative installed CAPEX ($54,500,000) adds wind at $1,150/kW and covers full turnkey installed cost — the two figures use different bases and are not directly comparable.

P50 / P90: P50 = expected annual generation; P90 = 0.85 × P50 (conservative one-year exceedance, illustrative resource variability). A bankable P90 uses site-measured interannual variability, not a fixed 0.85 factor.

Wind BOP: The wind farm balance-of-plant — collector cables, site access roads, crane pads, foundations and heavy-lift erection — is quoted per project and is included in the illustrative installed CAPEX (not the FOB BOM).

POA equipment: Wind turbine generators and the step-up power transformer (outside the distribution catalogue) are quoted per project (POA) — the BOM prices only the PV and storage from the catalogue.

Grid mode: Grid-connected: the hybrid plant sells energy and uses storage for shifting/firming.

Example 2 — 50 MW PV + 30 MWh Storage (Off-grid) · FOB $51,500,000

Wind + Solar + Storage hybrid · 35kV · off-grid

80,300 MWh/yr

P50 80,300 · P90 68,255 MWh/yr · LCOE $65.0/MWh

Wind

0 MW

Solar

50 MWp

Storage

30 MWh / 2 h

LCOE (P50)

$65.0/MWh

Est. BOM (FOB)

POA

📦 Bill of Materials

Equipment	Model	Spec	Qty
PV modules	90909 × 550 Wp	mono PERC · 50 MWp DC	1
String inverters	50 MW AC	three-phase · grid-tied	1
PV mounting structure	50 MWp	ground-mount	1
Battery energy storage (BESS)	30 MWh	LFP · 90% DoD · 90% RTE	1
Power conversion system (PCS)	15000 kW	2 h duration · bidirectional	1
Battery management system (BMS)	cluster	cell monitoring & balancing	1
Step-up power transformer	52.6 MVA	MV/35 kV grid connection · outside distribution catalogue	1

📐 Single-line diagram

⚙️ Electrical schematic (protection & metering)

⛳ Grounding grid layout

🔌 Cable schedule & routing

🗄 Switchgear arrangement

🛡 Protection configuration

📋 Protection settings

Circuit	Protection	Setting	Time	Standard
PV plant collector	50/51 overcurrent	990 A	0.1 s	IEC 60255-151
BESS collector	50/51 overcurrent	297 A	0.1 s	IEC 60255-151
Step-up transformer 52632 kVA	87 differential	0.2 x CT	inst	IEEE C37.91 / GB/T 14285
Step-up transformer 52632 kVA	50/51 overcurrent	1042 A	0.3 s	IEC 60255-151
Step-up transformer 52632 kVA	49 thermal	100% rated	alarm 90%	IEC 60076-7 / IEEE C57.91
Grid interconnection 35 kV	anti-islanding / ROCOF	per grid code	per grid code	IEEE 1547 / GB/T 19964-2024
Grid interconnection 35 kV	AGC / AVC dispatch interface	per grid code	per grid code	GB/T 19963 / IEEE 1547
Dispatch data network	IEC 60870-5-104 telecontrol	RTU + comm link	per grid code	IEC 60870-5-104
Power forecast	PV / wind power forecast interface	15-min resolution	per grid code	GB/T 19964-2024

Settings are illustrative starting points — confirm with a protection coordination study per IEC 60255 / IEEE 242.

📚 Calculation book

CALCULATION BOOK

Wind-solar-storage hybrid - 35 kV - off-grid - illustrative

1. Wind resource

Standard: IEC 61400 (wind energy)

Parameter	Formula	Value
Capacity	Pwind	0 MW
Capacity factor	cf @ 6 m/s	23%
Annual energy	E = P x cf x 8760	0 MWh/yr

2. PV resource

Standard: IEC 61724

Parameter	Formula	Value
Capacity	Ppv	50 MWp
Specific yield	GHI x 365 x PR	1606 kWh/kWp/yr
Annual energy	E = P x specific yield	80,300 MWh/yr

3. Storage

Standard: IEC 62933 (EES)

Parameter	Formula	Value
Energy capacity	MWh	30 MWh / 2 h
Power	P = MWh / h	15.0 MW
Round-trip efficiency	rte	90% - DoD 90%

4. Generation & complementarity

Standard: resource assessment (illustrative)

Parameter	Formula	Value
Total energy (P50)	E_wind + E_pv	80,300 MWh/yr
P90	P50 x 0.85	68,255 MWh/yr
Complementarity	wind share	solar-dominant (add wind for nighttime/winter coverage)

5. Step-up & economics

Standard: IEC 60076 - NREL ATB

Parameter	Formula	Value
Step-up transformer	kVA	52632 kVA (52.6 MVA)
Installed CAPEX	wind + PV + storage	$51,500,000
LCOE (P50)	full-cost	$65.0/MWh

This calculation book is illustrative resource factors and costs are typical assumptions. A licensed engineer must verify and seal final design documents.

🔧 Secondary schematic (control & signal)

🔩 Terminal strip (typical)

🌬️☀️ Resource & generation

Parameter	Value
Wind capacity factor	23% at 6 m/s (illustrative)
Wind energy	0 MWh/yr
PV specific yield	1,606 kWh/kWp/yr (5.5 kWh/m²/day, PR 0.8)
PV energy	80,300 MWh/yr
Complementarity	solar-dominant (add wind for nighttime/winter coverage)

💰 Economics (full-cost, illustrative)

Parameter	Value
Installed CAPEX	$51,500,000 (wind $1,150/kW · PV $850/kW · storage $300/kWh)
Annual OPEX	$800,000
P50 generation	80,300 MWh/yr
P90 generation	68,255 MWh/yr
LCOE (P50)	$65.0/MWh
LCOE (P90)	$76.5/MWh

📏 Standard basis (依据标准)

Topic	Standard
Wind grid connection	GB/T 19963 — technical rule for connecting wind farm to power system
PV grid connection	GB/T 19964-2024 — technical rule for connecting photovoltaic power station to power system
Wind turbines	IEC 61400 — wind turbines (design requirements)
Battery storage	GB/T 36547 — technical rule for electrochemical energy storage connecting to power grid

🧮 How it was calculated

1. Wind: 0 MW × CF 0.23 (at 6 m/s) × 8760 h = 0 MWh/yr

2. PV: 50 MWp × 5.5 kWh/m²/day × 365 × PR 0.8 = 80,300 MWh/yr

3. Combined P50 = 80,300 MWh/yr · P90 = 68,255 MWh/yr (0.85 × P50, illustrative)

4. Storage: 30 MWh / 2 h = 15000 kW PCS · DoD 90% · RTE 90%

5. Complementarity: solar-dominant (add wind for nighttime/winter coverage)

6. Full-cost LCOE = (CAPEX × CRF + OPEX) ÷ energy = ($51,500,000 × 0.0858 + $800,000) ÷ 80,300 MWh = $65.0/MWh (illustrative)

Summary
Estimated total (FOB Qingdao, EXW) — priced equipment				$14,787,062

📋 Design notes

BOM vs economics reconciliation (P2-12): The BOM FOB total ($14,787,062) prices only the catalogue items (PV + storage); wind turbines and the step-up transformer are POA. The illustrative installed CAPEX ($51,500,000) adds wind at $1,150/kW and covers full turnkey installed cost — the two figures use different bases and are not directly comparable.

Grid mode: Off-grid mode: storage (and typically a diesel genset) must balance generation against load around the clock — contact us for a microgrid sizing.

计算过程说明

选型计算原理

风电发电量 = 容量 × 容量系数 × 8760 h（容量系数由风速得出）。PV 发电量 = 容量 × GHI × 365 × 性能比 (0.80)。储能功率 = 电量 ÷ 时长。P50 为预期年发电量；P90 为保守值 0.85 × P50。LCOE = (CAPEX × CRF + OPEX) ÷ 年发电量，基于安装成本计算。

适用标准

选型参考 GB/T 19963（风电场并网）、GB/T 19964-2024（PV 电站并网）、IEC 61400（风力发电机组）和 GB/T 36547（电池储能并网）。

常见问题

如何设计风光储一体化电站容量？

按负荷或外送曲线配光伏与风电，再加储能平抑出力。计算器默认 20 MW 风电 + 30 MW 光伏 + 20 MWh/4 h 储能。容量按逐时资源与负荷匹配，储能填补波动发电与需求的缺口。配置器输出容量、电量与 LCOE。

风电和光伏的互补性是什么？

风电常在夜间和冬季大发，光伏在白天和夏季大发，二者结合可平滑总出力、减少平抑所需的储能。良好的风光互补能把容量因子比单一电源提高 10-20%。配置器分析组合后的 P50/P90 电量曲线。

风光互补电站的典型容量因子是多少？

单独光伏容量因子 15-20%，陆上风电 25-35%，匹配良好的风光互补可达 25-40%。容量因子越高越平滑，LCOE 和电网价值越好。配置器根据风速与辐照输入计算组合容量因子。

储能如何平抑风光互补电站出力？

储能在高发、低价时段充电，在风光不足时放电，把波动出力转成更稳定、可调度的曲线。4 小时电池可覆盖多数日内缺口，计算器默认 20 MWh/4 h。这可提高高峰电价窗口的可交付电量占比。

风光储互补电站适用哪些电网导则？

风机遵循 IEC 61400 与 GB/T 19960，光伏遵循 GB/T 19964，储能遵循 GB/T 36547 与 IEC 62933，互补电站并网遵循 GB/T 19963。配置器引用这些标准并按其电压/频率穿越要求设计。

风光储互补电站能达到多少 LCOE？

资源好的地区大型互补电站 LCOE 达 0.03-0.06 美元/kWh，储能按配比加 0.01-0.03 美元/kWh。默认 20 MW 风电 + 30 MW 光伏 + 20 MWh 典型约 0.04-0.05 美元/kWh。配置器用 WACC、运维和衰减计算全成本 LCOE。

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