Purchase
POA
Calculateur de TCO (coût total de possession) de transformateur
Comparez le coût complet du cycle de vie des niveaux d'efficacité des transformateurs — prix d'achat plus pertes à vide et en charge actualisées, exploitation-maintenance et valeur résiduelle — sur la durée de vie.
Résultat
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Exemple de résultatTotal cost of ownership (present value)
$61k
1000 kVA · S13 — oil-immersed (grade 3) · 50% load · 20 yr · 6% discount
Annual loss
29,828 kWh
PV of losses
$48k
Loss factor
13.4×
Full-cost breakdown (20 years, discounted)
| Component | Value |
|---|---|
| Initial purchase | POA |
| No-load loss 830 W | $12k |
| Load loss 10300 W | $36k |
| O&M (1%/yr, discounted) | $2k |
| Salvage (10% residual, discounted) | −$371 |
| Total cost of ownership | $61k |
Efficiency-level comparison (lowest TCO first)
| Efficiency level | Price | Po | Pk | Loss/yr | TCO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amorphous alloy — oil-immersed | POA | 270 W | 10300 W | 24,922 | $56k |
| S20 — oil-immersed (NX1) | POA | 450 W | 9600 W | 24,966 | $56k |
| S13 — oil-immersed (grade 3) ◂ selected | POA | 830 W | 10300 W | 29,828 | $61k |
| S11 — oil-immersed (grade 3) | POA | 1150 W | 10300 W | 32,631 | $65k |
| SCB13 — dry-type | POA | 1200 W | 9600 W | 31,536 | $67k |
Payback insight
Paying $636 extra for "S13 — oil-immersed (grade 3)" over the lowest-cost "S11 — oil-immersed (grade 3)" saves 2,803 kWh/yr — simple payback ≈ 1.9 years.
Pour les ingénieurs et les acheteurs comparant les niveaux d'efficacité des transformateurs (S11, S13, S20, amorphe, SCB13) sur le coût total de possession.
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Exemple concret
Un exemple de référence pré-calculé (explorable — aucun JavaScript requis). Saisissez vos propres paramètres ci-dessus pour un résultat en direct.
Exemple concret — 1000 kVA, charge 50 %, 0,12 $/kWh, 20 ans
Total cost of ownership (present value)
$61k
1000 kVA · S13 — oil-immersed (grade 3) · 50% load · 20 yr · 6% discount
Purchase
POA
Annual loss
29,828 kWh
PV of losses
$48k
Loss factor
13.4×
Full-cost breakdown (20 years, discounted)
| Component | Value |
|---|---|
| Initial purchase | POA |
| No-load loss 830 W | $12k |
| Load loss 10300 W | $36k |
| O&M (1%/yr, discounted) | $2k |
| Salvage (10% residual, discounted) | −$371 |
| Total cost of ownership | $61k |
Efficiency-level comparison (lowest TCO first)
| Efficiency level | Price | Po | Pk | Loss/yr | TCO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amorphous alloy — oil-immersed | POA | 270 W | 10300 W | 24,922 | $56k |
| S20 — oil-immersed (NX1) | POA | 450 W | 9600 W | 24,966 | $56k |
| S13 — oil-immersed (grade 3) ◂ selected | POA | 830 W | 10300 W | 29,828 | $61k |
| S11 — oil-immersed (grade 3) | POA | 1150 W | 10300 W | 32,631 | $65k |
| SCB13 — dry-type | POA | 1200 W | 9600 W | 31,536 | $67k |
Payback insight
Paying $636 extra for "S13 — oil-immersed (grade 3)" over the lowest-cost "S11 — oil-immersed (grade 3)" saves 2,803 kWh/yr — simple payback ≈ 1.9 years.
Exemple concret — 630 kVA S20, charge 60 %, 0,15 $/kWh, 25 ans
Total cost of ownership (present value)
$63k
630 kVA · S20 — oil-immersed (NX1) · 60% load · 25 yr · 6% discount
Purchase
POA
Annual loss
21,861 kWh
PV of losses
$51k
Loss factor
15.4×
Full-cost breakdown (25 years, discounted)
| Component | Value |
|---|---|
| Initial purchase | POA |
| No-load loss 318 W | $6k |
| Load loss 6048 W | $44k |
| O&M (1%/yr, discounted) | $2k |
| Salvage (10% residual, discounted) | −$261 |
| Total cost of ownership | $63k |
Efficiency-level comparison (lowest TCO first)
| Efficiency level | Price | Po | Pk | Loss/yr | TCO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amorphous alloy — oil-immersed | POA | 191 W | 6489 W | 22,136 | $63k |
| S20 — oil-immersed (NX1) ◂ selected | POA | 318 W | 6048 W | 21,861 | $63k |
| S13 — oil-immersed (grade 3) | POA | 587 W | 6736 W | 26,383 | $72k |
| SCB13 — dry-type | POA | 849 W | 6048 W | 26,506 | $74k |
| S11 — oil-immersed (grade 3) | POA | 813 W | 6489 W | 27,587 | $74k |
Payback insight
Paying $2,409 extra for "S20 — oil-immersed (NX1)" over the lowest-cost "S11 — oil-immersed (grade 3)" saves 5,727 kWh/yr — simple payback ≈ 2.8 years.
Comment il a été calculé
- · Perte d'énergie annuelle : W = (Po + Pk × LF²) × heures, où Po = perte à vide, Pk = perte en charge, LF = facteur de charge moyen.
- · Coût annuel des pertes : Closs = W × tarif.
- · Facteur de capitalisation des pertes : A = [1 − ((1+g)/(1+r))ᴺ] ÷ (r − g) — la valeur actuelle de 1 $ de coût annuel des pertes.
- · TCO = Achat + VA(pertes) + VA(exploitation-maintenance) − VA(valeur résiduelle), le tout actualisé au taux r.
Normes référencées
| Standard | Scope |
|---|---|
| IEC 60076 | Transformateurs de puissance — caractéristiques, pertes et rendement |
| IEC 60364-8-1 | Efficacité énergétique dans les installations électriques basse tension |
| IEEE C57.120 | Guide d'évaluation des pertes pour les transformateurs de puissance et de distribution |
| GB 20052-2020 | Classes de rendement énergétique des transformateurs de puissance |
Questions fréquentes
What is transformer total cost of ownership (TCO)?
TCO = purchase price plus the present value of lifetime no-load and load losses, O&M and replacement. Losses dominate: over 20-30 years, the capitalized cost of losses often equals 1-2x the purchase price. The calculator discounts losses per IEC 60076 and IEEE C57.120 and compares S11/S13/S20/amorphous/SCB13.
How much more does a low-loss transformer cost and how fast does it pay back?
S13 costs 10-20% more than S11 and cuts No-Load Loss ~25%, typically paying back in 2-4 years where tariffs exceed $0.08/kWh. Amorphous-core transformers cost 20-40% more but cut no-load loss 60-70%, ideal for lightly loaded units. The calculator computes the payback and net present value of the premium.
What is the difference between no-load and load losses?
No-load (iron) loss is constant whenever the Transformer is energized, independent of load — the dominant cost for lightly loaded units. Load (copper) loss varies with the square of load current and dominates at high loading. A transformer loaded at 30% is loss-dominated by no-load loss; the calculator weights both by load profile.
What efficiency grades do transformer standards define?
IEC 60076-20 and GB 20052 define efficiency classes (e.g. Tier 1/Tier 2 in EU, and China's grade 1/2/3). Higher grades mean lower no-load and load losses. China's GB 20052-2020 grades transformers 1-3, with grade 1 being the most efficient. The calculator aligns models to these grades.
When does an amorphous-core transformer make economic sense?
Amorphous-core units cut no-load loss 60-70% but cost 20-40% more, so they win for transformers that run lightly loaded or energised 24/7 with low utilization (e.g. 20-30% loading). At high loading the load loss dominates and the premium pays back slower. The calculator evaluates payback against your load profile.
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