💰 Calculadora de Rendimento Solar e Retorno
Estime o rendimento anual de energia, o custo nivelado de energia (LCOE), o retorno simples e o lucro líquido ao longo da vida útil a partir da capacidade instalada, das horas de sol, da razão de desempenho, da tarifa e do custo do sistema.
💰 Energy & Finance
📊 Yield & Payback
Para proprietários e desenvolvedores que avaliam a economia de um sistema fotovoltaico.
Como é calculado
· Energia anual: E = kWp × horas de sol de pico × 365 × PR.
· Geração ao longo da vida: E_total = E × Σ(1 − degradação)^n.
· LCOE = custo do sistema ÷ E_total; retorno = custo ÷ receita anual.
Normas de referência
| Standard | Scope |
|---|---|
| IEC 61724 | Monitoramento e análise de desempenho de sistemas fotovoltaicos |
Exemplo resolvido — 10 kWp → 11.680 kWh/ano
1. 10 kWp, 4 horas de sol de pico, PR 0,80.
2. Rendimento anual = 10 × 4 × 365 × 0,80 = 11.680 kWh.
3. A uma tarifa de US$ 0,12/kWh, a receita anual ≈ US$ 1.402; o LCOE e o retorno decorrem do custo do seu sistema.
FAQ
How is solar payback period calculated?
Simple payback = system cost divided by annual savings. A 10 kW system costing $9,000 that saves $1,200/yr pays back in 7.5 years. Discounted payback also applies a discount rate. The calculator uses 25-year life, 0.5%/yr degradation and local tariff to compute simple payback, IRR, NPV and 25-year net profit.
What LCOE is typical for a residential solar system?
Residential rooftop solar LCOE typically runs $0.06-0.12/kWh depending on irradiation and cost; utility-scale solar reaches $0.03-0.05/kWh. In a 4-5 sun-hour region, a $1,000/kW residential system lands near $0.07-0.09/kWh. The calculator computes full-cost LCOE including O&M, WACC and inverter replacement.
How much does module degradation reduce output over 25 years?
Standard modules degrade about 0.5-0.7% per year, with a first-year drop of 1-2%, giving roughly 85-88% of rated power after 25 years. The calculator applies a 0.5%/yr linear degradation, so year-25 output is about 87.5% of year-1. This materially lowers lifetime LCOE estimates.
What is the difference between P50 and P90 in payback?
P50 payback uses the median year's generation (shorter payback); P90 uses the conservative 90%-exceedance year (longer payback). Lenders underwrite on P90. With 4-6% interannual variability, P90 payback is roughly 1-2 years longer than P50 for a 7-year project. The calculator reports both yield and economics at P50/P75/P90.
Does solar make sense without subsidies?
Yes in most regions. Where module-plus-install costs have fallen to $800-1200/kW and tariffs exceed $0.10/kWh, unsubsidized solar typically pays back in 6-10 years and delivers 10-15% IRR over 25 years. The calculator uses your tariff and system cost to show payback and IRR without assuming any subsidy.
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