Transformador QDTB®

Calculadora de Dimensionamento de Transformador de Parque Eólico

Dimensione o transformador de cada turbina eólica a partir da sua potência nominal e fator de potência, e depois defina os alimentadores coletores e o transformador principal elevador.

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Para promotores de parques eólicos e engenheiros eletrotécnicos que selecionam subestações tipo caixa, tensões de coletor e transformadores de ligação à rede para projetos onshore e offshore.

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Exemplo prático

Um exemplo de referência pré-calculado (rastreável — não requer JavaScript). Introduza os seus próprios parâmetros acima para obter um resultado em tempo real.

Exemplo 1 — turbinas de 4 MW, 20 unidades, coletor de 35 kV

Box transformer per turbine
5000 kVA
4 MW turbine · 20 units · 35/0.69 kV · Oil-immersed combined box transformer (35 kV)
Turbines per feeder
6
Collector feeders
4
Main transformer
100 MVA
Total collector
100.0 MVA
Sizing calculation
Turbine apparent power4 MW ÷ 1 × 1.05 = 4200 kVA (with 5% margin)
Standard box transformer5000 kVA
Feeder capacity35 kV feeder ≈ 30 MVA
Turbines per feeder30 MVA ÷ 5.00 MVA = 6 (capped at 10)
Number of feeders20 ÷ 6 = 4
Step-up main transformer100.0 MVA → 100 MVA · 35/110 kV
Collector scheme
35 kV collector is suitable for feeder capacity up to ~30 MVA (6 turbines × 4 MW).
Bill of materials
EquipmentSpecQtySubtotal
Oil-immersed combined box transformer (35 kV)5000 kVA · 4 MW · 35/0.69 kV20POA
Collector network4 feeder(s) · 35 kV · 6 turbines per feeder1POA
Collector cableYJV 3-core 35 kV XLPE · radial feeder (per feeder)4POA
Collector switchgear35 kV feeder breaker panels · 4 feeders + PT/SPD1POA
Step-up main transformer100 MVA · 35/110 kV1POA
Grounding & protectioncollector system earthing + relay protection 50/51/51N + metering1POA
Total equipment (box transformers)POA
📐 Single-line diagram
POI (Point of Interconnection)Utility GridCTCT110 kV POI breaker50/5151NkWhmeteringStep-up transformer100 MVA35/110 kV35 kV collector busPTPTSPDCollector feeder 16 WTG - 35 kVCollector feeder 26 WTG - 35 kVCollector feeder 36 WTG - 35 kVCollector feeder 46 WTG - 35 kVBox sub5000 kVABox sub5000 kVABox sub5000 kVABox sub5000 kVABox sub5000 kVABox sub5000 kVA + 14 more box substations (20 WTG total)Wind turbine generator4 MW x 20 units - 0.69 kV
LEGENDBreaker (52)CTCT (current transformer)PTPT (voltage transformer)50/51Protection relay 50/51/51NkWhMeter (kWh)SPD (surge protection)

Exemplo 2 — turbinas de 2 MW, 50 unidades, coletor de 10 kV

Box transformer per turbine
2500 kVA
2 MW turbine · 50 units · 10/0.69 kV · Oil-immersed box transformer (10 kV)
Turbines per feeder
7
Collector feeders
8
Main transformer
150 MVA
Total collector
125.0 MVA
Sizing calculation
Turbine apparent power2 MW ÷ 0.95 × 1.1 = 2316 kVA (with 10% margin)
Standard box transformer2500 kVA
Feeder capacity10 kV feeder ≈ 18 MVA
Turbines per feeder18 MVA ÷ 2.50 MVA = 7 (capped at 10)
Number of feeders50 ÷ 7 = 8
Step-up main transformer125.0 MVA → 150 MVA · 10/35 kV
Collector scheme
10 kV collector limits each feeder to ~18 MVA; consider 35 kV for larger clusters.
Bill of materials
EquipmentSpecQtySubtotal
Oil-immersed box transformer (10 kV)2500 kVA · 2 MW · 10/0.69 kV50POA
Collector network8 feeder(s) · 10 kV · 7 turbines per feeder1POA
Collector cableYJV 3-core 10 kV XLPE · radial feeder (per feeder)8POA
Collector switchgear10 kV feeder breaker panels · 8 feeders + PT/SPD1POA
Step-up main transformer150 MVA · 10/35 kV1POA
Grounding & protectioncollector system earthing + relay protection 50/51/51N + metering1POA
Total equipment (box transformers)POA
📐 Single-line diagram
POI (Point of Interconnection)Utility GridCTCT35 kV POI breaker50/5151NkWhmeteringStep-up transformer150 MVA10/35 kV10 kV collector busPTPTSPDCollector feeder 17 WTG - 10 kVCollector feeder 27 WTG - 10 kVCollector feeder 37 WTG - 10 kVCollector feeder 47 WTG - 10 kVCollector feeder 57 WTG - 10 kVCollector feeder 67 WTG - 10 kVCollector feeder 77 WTG - 10 kVCollector feeder 87 WTG - 10 kVBox sub2500 kVABox sub2500 kVABox sub2500 kVABox sub2500 kVABox sub2500 kVABox sub2500 kVA + 44 more box substations (50 WTG total)Wind turbine generator2 MW x 50 units - 0.69 kV
LEGENDBreaker (52)CTCT (current transformer)PTPT (voltage transformer)50/51Protection relay 50/51/51NkWhMeter (kWh)SPD (surge protection)

Como foi calculado

  • · Potência do transformador de caixa: S = (P_turb × 1000) ÷ PF × margem, arredondado para cima para um valor nominal padrão.
  • · Carregamento do alimentador: cada alimentador coletor transporta um MVA de projeto (≈30 MVA a 35 kV, ≈18 MVA a 10 kV).
  • · Turbinas por alimentador = floor(MVA do alimentador ÷ MVA do transformador de caixa), limitado a ~10 por razões de tensão.
  • · Número de alimentadores = ceil(turbinas ÷ turbinas por alimentador).
  • · Transformador principal elevador nominal ≥ MVA total do coletor na tensão do coletor/rede.

Normas referenciadas

StandardScope
IEC 60076Transformadores de potência
IEC 61400-21Sistemas de geração de energia eólica — características de qualidade de energia de turbinas ligadas à rede
GB/T 19963Regra técnica para ligação de um parque eólico ao sistema elétrico
GB/T 17468Guia para a seleção de transformadores de potência

Perguntas frequentes

What is a wind farm box transformer?

A wind farm box Transformer (or pad-mounted transformer) steps each turbine's output (typically 0.69 kV) up to the collector voltage (35 kV). It is sized to the turbine rating, usually 1.1-1.3x the generator capacity. A 3 MW turbine uses a ~3.5 MVA box transformer.

How do I size a box transformer for a wind turbine?

Box transformer MVA = turbine generator MVA plus auxiliary and margin, typically 10-30% above generator rating. A 2.5 MW generator at 0.9 pf needs about 3.2 MVA, so select 3.5 MVA. The calculator sizes the transformer and the collector feeder scheme.

What is the typical collector voltage in a wind farm?

Wind farm collector systems run at 33 kV or 35 kV (sometimes 10 kV for small farms), gathering each turbine through a box transformer then ring or radial feeders to the Substation. 35 kV is standard for farms above ~20 MW. The calculator models the collector feeder scheme.

What standards govern wind farm transformers?

Wind farm box transformers follow IEC 60076 (transformers) and GB/T 17467 for pad-mounted designs, plus IEC 61400 for the wind turbine electrical interface. They must withstand frequent load cycling and grid fault ride-through. The calculator cites these standards in its design basis.

How do box transformers handle turbine load cycling?

Wind turbines cycle between partial and full load continuously, causing thermal stress and tap-changer wear. Box transformers use vacuum tap-changers or fixed taps, low-loss cores, and are designed for frequent energization and harmonic content from converters. The calculator selects ratings with this duty in mind.

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Os resultados são estimativas de engenharia para conceção preliminar e apenas para referência. Verifique sempre com as normas aplicáveis, a placa de características do equipamento e um engenheiro licenciado antes da aquisição ou instalação.

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