Chargers
9
Calculadora de Dimensionamento de Estações de Carregamento de VE
Dimensione o transformador e a distribuição para uma estação de carregamento de VE — carga de dimensionamento, fator de utilização simultânea, tensão de alimentação e uma lista de materiais de referência.
Para consultores e instaladores que dimensionam o serviço elétrico e o transformador para estações de carregamento de VE AC e DC.
Utilizar a calculadora
Exemplo prático
Um exemplo de referência pré-calculado (rastreável — não requer JavaScript). Introduza os seus próprios parâmetros acima para um resultado em tempo real.
Exemplo prático — 4×7 kW + 2×22 kW AC + 2×60 kW + 1×120 kW DC
Station demand
250 kW
263 kVA · 312 kW connected · diversity 0.8
Transformer
315 kVA
Feeder
10 kV
Line current
379 A
Load & transformer sizing
| Quantity | Value |
|---|---|
| Connected load | 312 kW (Σ chargers × rated power) |
| Diversity factor | 0.8 (simultaneous-use factor) |
| Demand load | 312 × 0.8 = 250 kW |
| Demand (apparent) | 250 ÷ 0.95 = 263 kVA |
| Required transformer | next standard ≥ 289 kVA → 315 kVA |
| Supply voltage | 10 kV (MV feed) — recommended for this size |
Recommendation
Design note
10 kV MV service with a 315 kVA distribution transformer
DC fast-charging load is peaky — consider a battery energy-storage system for peak shaving (reduce demand charge).
Pricing basis
Charger unit prices are from the ev-charging-stations price reference (FOB Qingdao, medium confidence); exact models are quoted per project.
Bill of materials
| Equipment | Spec | Qty | Subtotal |
|---|---|---|---|
| AC charger (7 kW) | 7 kW · 1-phase/3-phase | 4 | POA |
| AC charger (22 kW) | 22 kW · 3-phase | 2 | POA |
| DC fast charger (60 kW) | 60 kW · CCS/GB-T | 2 | POA |
| DC fast charger (120 kW) | 120 kW · CCS/GB-T | 1 | POA |
| Distribution transformer | 315 kVA · 10 kV / 0.4 kV · S13 | 1 | POA |
| Total equipment (reference) | POA |
Exemplo prático — hub de carregamento rápido DC de 4×120 kW
Station demand
432 kW
455 kVA · 480 kW connected · diversity 0.9
Chargers
4
Transformer
630 kVA
Feeder
10 kV
Line current
26 A
Load & transformer sizing
| Quantity | Value |
|---|---|
| Connected load | 480 kW (Σ chargers × rated power) |
| Diversity factor | 0.9 (simultaneous-use factor) |
| Demand load | 480 × 0.9 = 432 kW |
| Demand (apparent) | 432 ÷ 0.95 = 455 kVA |
| Required transformer | next standard ≥ 500 kVA → 630 kVA |
| Supply voltage | 10 kV (MV feed) — recommended for this size |
Recommendation
Design note
10 kV MV service with a 630 kVA distribution transformer
DC fast-charging load is peaky — consider a battery energy-storage system for peak shaving (reduce demand charge).
Pricing basis
Charger unit prices are from the ev-charging-stations price reference (FOB Qingdao, medium confidence); exact models are quoted per project.
Bill of materials
| Equipment | Spec | Qty | Subtotal |
|---|---|---|---|
| DC fast charger (120 kW) | 120 kW · CCS/GB-T | 4 | POA |
| Distribution transformer | 630 kVA · 10 kV / 0.4 kV · S13 | 1 | POA |
| Total equipment (reference) | POA |
Como foi calculado
- · Carga instalada: Σ (número de carregadores × potência nominal).
- · Carga de dimensionamento: Pdemand = Pconnected × fator de diversidade.
- · kVA de dimensionamento: S = Pdemand ÷ fator de potência.
- · Transformador: próximo kVA normalizado ≥ S × 1,1 (margem de projeto).
- · Corrente de linha: I = S ÷ (√3 · U).
Normas referenciadas
| Standard | Scope |
|---|---|
| IEC 61851 | Sistema de carregamento condutivo de veículos elétricos |
| GB/T 51313 | Norma técnica para instalações de carregamento distribuído de VE |
| GB/T 18487 | Sistema de carregamento condutivo de veículos elétricos (China) |
Perguntas frequentes
How do I size the transformer for an EV charging station?
Sum the charger ratings with a coincidence factor: AC Level 2 chargers are 7-22 kW each, DC fast chargers 60-360 kW. A 10-charger DC station can peak near 500-1200 kVA. Size the Transformer to the coincident peak plus margin, per IEC 61851 and GB/T 51313. The calculator computes demand and transformer kVA.
What is the difference between AC and DC EV charging?
AC charging (Level 2, 7-22 kW) uses the vehicle's onboard charger and takes hours; DC fast charging (60-360 kW) bypasses it and charges to 80% in 20-40 minutes. DC stations need much larger electrical supply and cooling. The calculator models both and sizes supply accordingly.
What is the typical demand factor for an EV charging station?
EV charging is time-correlated, so the demand factor is higher than other loads — 0.7-1.0 for a busy DC fast-charging hub. A fleet depot charging overnight runs 0.8-1.0 simultaneously. The calculator applies a coincidence factor to avoid undersizing the supply.
What supply voltage does a DC fast charging station need?
A small station (a few 60-120 kW chargers) runs on 0.4 kV; a larger hub (500 kW-1.5 MW) needs a 10 kV feed and a dedicated transformer, per GB/T 51313. The calculator selects the supply voltage and transformer from the aggregated charger load.
What charging standard should the station support?
Global standards: CCS (Combined Charging System) and CHAdeMO for DC, GB/T 20234 for China, and Type 2 for AC. A station serving mixed fleets usually offers CCS2 DC plus Type 2 AC. The calculator's design basis assumes IEC 61851-compliant chargers.
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Estimativas de referência (FOB Qingdao, EXW) apenas para projeto preliminar — não é um orçamento final. Confirme o dimensionamento com o seu projeto e as normas locais.
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