Transformador QDTB®

Calculadora de Dimensionamento de UPS e Autonomia de Bateria

Dimensione uma fonte de alimentação ininterrupta e o seu banco de baterias a partir da carga, fator de potência e autonomia necessária — e veja a autonomia real que a bateria instalada proporciona.

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Resultado

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Saída de exemplo
Recommended UPS rating
80 kVA
50 kW load · PF 0.8 · 30 min autonomy · VRLA lead-acid (12 V block)
UPS power
72 kW
Battery bank
32 blocks · 200 Ah
Actual runtime
39 min
Load margin
15%
Sizing calculation
StepValue
Load apparent powerS = P ÷ PF = 50 kW ÷ 0.8 = 62.5 kVA
Required UPS (loading factor)62.5 ÷ 0.8 = 78.1 kVA → standard 80 kVA
Battery energyE = P·t ÷ (ηinv·ηbat·DOD) = 50 kW × 0.50 h ÷ (0.94 × 0.9 × 0.5) = 59.10 kWh
Total battery capacity59.10 kWh ÷ 384 V = 154 Ah
Series blocks per string384 V ÷ 12 V = 32
Parallel strings154 Ah ÷ 200 Ah = 1
Battery configuration
String voltage32 × 12 V = 384 V
Installed capacity1 × 200 Ah = 200 Ah
Actual runtime(200 Ah × 384 V × 0.94 × 0.9 × 0.5) ÷ 50 kW = 39 min
Estimated recharge200 Ah ÷ 20 A (0.1C) × 1.1 ≈ 11.0 h
Bill of materials
EquipmentSpecQtySubtotal
Online double-conversion UPS80 kVA / 72 kW · 384 V DC bus1POA
VRLA lead-acid (12 V block) battery bank32S×1P (32 blocks, 200 Ah @ 384 V)1POA
Battery charger / rectifier20 A charging current1POA
Total equipment (UPS + charger)POA

Para gestores de instalações, projetistas de centros de dados e engenheiros eletrotécnicos que dimensionam sistemas UPS monofásicos ou trifásicos com bancos de baterias VRLA ou LiFePO₄.

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Exemplo prático

Um exemplo de referência pré-calculado (rastreável — não requer JavaScript). Introduza os seus próprios parâmetros acima para obter um resultado em tempo real.

Exemplo 1 — carga de centro de dados de 50 kW, 30 minutos de autonomia

Recommended UPS rating
80 kVA
50 kW load · PF 0.8 · 30 min autonomy · VRLA lead-acid (12 V block)
UPS power
72 kW
Battery bank
32 blocks · 200 Ah
Actual runtime
39 min
Load margin
15%
Sizing calculation
StepValue
Load apparent powerS = P ÷ PF = 50 kW ÷ 0.8 = 62.5 kVA
Required UPS (loading factor)62.5 ÷ 0.8 = 78.1 kVA → standard 80 kVA
Battery energyE = P·t ÷ (ηinv·ηbat·DOD) = 50 kW × 0.50 h ÷ (0.94 × 0.9 × 0.5) = 59.10 kWh
Total battery capacity59.10 kWh ÷ 384 V = 154 Ah
Series blocks per string384 V ÷ 12 V = 32
Parallel strings154 Ah ÷ 200 Ah = 1
Battery configuration
String voltage32 × 12 V = 384 V
Installed capacity1 × 200 Ah = 200 Ah
Actual runtime(200 Ah × 384 V × 0.94 × 0.9 × 0.5) ÷ 50 kW = 39 min
Estimated recharge200 Ah ÷ 20 A (0.1C) × 1.1 ≈ 11.0 h
Bill of materials
EquipmentSpecQtySubtotal
Online double-conversion UPS80 kVA / 72 kW · 384 V DC bus1POA
VRLA lead-acid (12 V block) battery bank32S×1P (32 blocks, 200 Ah @ 384 V)1POA
Battery charger / rectifier20 A charging current1POA
Total equipment (UPS + charger)POA

Exemplo 2 — carga de 120 kW, 60 minutos, bateria de lítio

Recommended UPS rating
200 kVA
120 kW load · PF 0.9 · 60 min autonomy · LiFePO₄ lithium (48 V module)
UPS power
180 kW
Battery bank
10 blocks · 350 Ah
Actual runtime
68 min
Load margin
35%
Sizing calculation
StepValue
Load apparent powerS = P ÷ PF = 120 kW ÷ 0.9 = 133.3 kVA
Required UPS (loading factor)133.3 ÷ 0.8 = 166.7 kVA → standard 200 kVA
Battery energyE = P·t ÷ (ηinv·ηbat·DOD) = 120 kW × 1.00 h ÷ (0.94 × 0.95 × 0.9) = 149.31 kWh
Total battery capacity149.31 kWh ÷ 480 V = 311 Ah
Series blocks per string480 V ÷ 48 V = 10
Parallel strings311 Ah ÷ 350 Ah = 1
Battery configuration
String voltage10 × 48 V = 480 V
Installed capacity1 × 350 Ah = 350 Ah
Actual runtime(350 Ah × 480 V × 0.94 × 0.95 × 0.9) ÷ 120 kW = 68 min
Estimated recharge350 Ah ÷ 35 A (0.1C) × 1.1 ≈ 11.0 h
Bill of materials
EquipmentSpecQtySubtotal
Online double-conversion UPS200 kVA / 180 kW · 480 V DC bus1POA
LiFePO₄ lithium (48 V module) battery bank10S×1P (10 blocks, 350 Ah @ 480 V)1POA
Battery charger / rectifier35 A charging current1POA
Total equipment (UPS + charger)POA

Como foi calculado

  • · Potência aparente da carga: S = P ÷ PF.
  • · Potência nominal da UPS necessária: S_UPS = S ÷ fator de carga (típico 0,8), arredondado para cima para um tamanho padrão.
  • · Energia da bateria: E = P · t ÷ (η_inv · η_bat · DOD).
  • · Capacidade da bateria: Ah = E ÷ V_dc; blocos em série = V_dc ÷ V_bloco; strings em paralelo = Ah necessários ÷ Ah do bloco.
  • · Autonomia real: t = (Ah instalados · V_dc · η_inv · η_bat · DOD) ÷ P.

Normas referenciadas

StandardScope
IEC 62040-3Sistemas de alimentação ininterrupta — método de especificação de desempenho e requisitos de ensaio
IEEE 1184Guia para baterias de sistemas de alimentação ininterrupta
IEEE 485Prática recomendada para dimensionamento de baterias de chumbo-ácido para aplicações estacionárias

Perguntas frequentes

How do I size a UPS for my load?

UPS kVA = load kW / Power Factor, plus 20-30% margin and future growth. A 40 kW IT load at 0.9 pf needs ~44 kVA, so select 60 kVA. Add margin for inrush and non-linear loads. The calculator sizes UPS kVA, battery Ah and runtime.

How is UPS battery runtime calculated?

Runtime depends on battery capacity (Ah), string voltage, load and efficiency. For a 40 kW load on a 240 V battery string, a 100 Ah bank gives roughly 20-30 minutes. The calculator computes actual runtime from battery blocks, DoD and load, and reports recharge time.

What is the difference between online and line-interactive UPS?

Online (double-conversion) UPS continuously rectifies and inverts, giving zero transfer time and full power conditioning — required for data centers. Line-interactive passes utility power and corrects only on events, cheaper but with a brief transfer. The calculator's sizing assumes online double-conversion for critical loads.

What battery type is used in UPS systems?

Valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) dominates UPS for low cost and maintenance-free operation, with a 3-5 year typical life. Lithium (LFP) is gaining share for longer life (10+ years), smaller footprint and higher cycle count, at 2-3x the upfront cost. The calculator sizes the battery bank for either chemistry.

How much runtime do I need before the generator starts?

Battery runtime must bridge to generator start, typically 5-15 minutes (generators reach full load in 30-60 s). Without a generator, size for 30-60 minutes for graceful shutdown. Longer runtime adds cost roughly linearly. The calculator lets you set runtime and sizes the battery accordingly.

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Ferramentas relacionadas

Os resultados são estimativas de engenharia para conceção preliminar e apenas para referência. Verifique sempre com as normas aplicáveis, a placa de características do equipamento e um engenheiro licenciado antes da aquisição ou instalação.

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