🔌 Kalkulator Penentuan & Pemilihan Transformator
Masukkan beban terhubung Anda dan dapatkan kVA transformator standar, model yang direkomendasikan, serta harga referensi terkait tembaga. Mencakup gardu rendam minyak, tipe kering, paduan amorf, dan tipe boks.
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📊 Result
Untuk insinyur listrik, kontraktor, dan pembeli yang menentukan ukuran transformator distribusi dari suatu beban.
Cara menghitungnya
· Penentuan ukuran — mode kW: kVA = Beban (kW) ÷ faktor daya; mode kVA: kVA = Beban; mode Ampere: kVA = √3·U·I (3 fasa).
· Kapasitas desain: kVA_desain = kVA × (1 + margin desain %).
· Pemilihan: kVA standar berikutnya dari deret preferensi IEC R10; harga = basis × gulungan × efisiensi × faktor tegangan, dengan ±3% per $1.000/t tembaga untuk gulungan tembaga.
Standar yang dirujuk
| Standard | Scope |
|---|---|
| IEC 60076-1 | Peringkat kVA preferensi (deret R10) untuk transformator daya |
| GB/T 1094 | Setara Cina untuk IEC 60076, peringkat transformator daya |
Contoh perhitungan — beban 500 kW → transformator 800 kVA
1. Beban 500 kW, faktor daya 0.85 → kVA = 500 ÷ 0.85 = 588 kVA.
2. Margin desain 20% → kVA_desain = 588 × 1.20 = 706 kVA.
3. Ukuran standar R10 berikutnya = 800 kVA (tipe kering SCB13, 10/0.4 kV, tembaga).
4. Harga referensi dari tabel harga langsung, terkait tembaga terhadap harga LME.
FAQ
How do I calculate the transformer kVA I need?
Transformer kVA = total load kW x demand factor / Power Factor. For 300 kW of load at 0.85 pf with 0.8 demand factor: 300 x 0.8 / 0.85 = 282 kVA, so select 315 kVA. Leave 15-20% headroom for growth and select the next standard rating per IEC 60076. The calculator does this and returns the model and price.
What is the difference between oil-immersed and dry-type transformers?
Oil-immersed units are cheaper (10-30% less), quieter under load and better cooled, suited to outdoor and larger ratings; dry-type cast-resin units are fire-safe, suited to indoor, hospitals and high-rises, but cost more and run hotter. Dry-type is mandatory for many indoor installations per fire codes. The calculator prices both types.
What does S13, SCB13 and S20 mean in a transformer model?
S-series is oil-immersed (S11/S13/S20/S22), SCB is dry-type cast-resin. The number is the efficiency/loss grade — higher numbers mean lower No-Load Loss. S13 cuts no-load loss ~20-30% versus S11; S20/S22 are the current GB 20052 energy-efficiency grades. The calculator lets you pick the grade and shows the price delta.
What vector group do I need — Dyn11 or Yyn0?
Dyn11 (delta primary, wye secondary, 30 deg shift) is standard for distribution because it blocks third-harmonic circulation and supports unbalanced load better. Yyn0 is used for small single-phase-heavy loads but passes zero-sequence harmonics. For most modern LV networks choose Dyn11; the calculator defaults to it.
How much does a 500 kVA transformer cost?
A 500 kVA oil-immersed S13 transformer runs roughly $12,000-18,000 FOB, and a dry-type SCB13 roughly $16,000-24,000, varying with copper price (base ~14,200 USD/t), winding material and tap-changer. The calculator returns a live reference FOB price from the QDTB pricing matrix, updated with copper.
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