Kalkulator Sizing UPS & Waktu Backup Baterai
Hitung ukuran uninterruptible power supply dan bank baterainya dari beban, faktor daya, dan otonomi yang dibutuhkan — dan lihat waktu backup aktual yang diberikan baterai terpasang.
Hasil
Masukkan beban Anda → dapatkan desain lengkap & BOM dalam hitungan detik
Contoh keluaran| Step | Value |
|---|---|
| Load apparent power | S = P ÷ PF = 50 kW ÷ 0.8 = 62.5 kVA |
| Required UPS (loading factor) | 62.5 ÷ 0.8 = 78.1 kVA → standard 80 kVA |
| Battery energy | E = P·t ÷ (ηinv·ηbat·DOD) = 50 kW × 0.50 h ÷ (0.94 × 0.9 × 0.5) = 59.10 kWh |
| Total battery capacity | 59.10 kWh ÷ 384 V = 154 Ah |
| Series blocks per string | 384 V ÷ 12 V = 32 |
| Parallel strings | 154 Ah ÷ 200 Ah = 1 |
| String voltage | 32 × 12 V = 384 V |
| Installed capacity | 1 × 200 Ah = 200 Ah |
| Actual runtime | (200 Ah × 384 V × 0.94 × 0.9 × 0.5) ÷ 50 kW = 39 min |
| Estimated recharge | 200 Ah ÷ 20 A (0.1C) × 1.1 ≈ 11.0 h |
| Equipment | Spec | Qty | Subtotal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Online double-conversion UPS | 80 kVA / 72 kW · 384 V DC bus | 1 | POA |
| VRLA lead-acid (12 V block) battery bank | 32S×1P (32 blocks, 200 Ah @ 384 V) | 1 | POA |
| Battery charger / rectifier | 20 A charging current | 1 | POA |
| Total equipment (UPS + charger) | POA |
Untuk manajer fasilitas, perancang pusat data, dan insinyur listrik yang menghitung ukuran sistem UPS satu atau tiga fasa dengan bank baterai VRLA atau LiFePO₄.
Gunakan kalkulator
Contoh perhitungan
Contoh referensi yang telah dihitung sebelumnya (dapat dirayapi — tidak memerlukan JavaScript). Masukkan parameter Anda sendiri di atas untuk hasil langsung.
Contoh 1 — beban pusat data 50 kW, otonomi 30 menit
| Step | Value |
|---|---|
| Load apparent power | S = P ÷ PF = 50 kW ÷ 0.8 = 62.5 kVA |
| Required UPS (loading factor) | 62.5 ÷ 0.8 = 78.1 kVA → standard 80 kVA |
| Battery energy | E = P·t ÷ (ηinv·ηbat·DOD) = 50 kW × 0.50 h ÷ (0.94 × 0.9 × 0.5) = 59.10 kWh |
| Total battery capacity | 59.10 kWh ÷ 384 V = 154 Ah |
| Series blocks per string | 384 V ÷ 12 V = 32 |
| Parallel strings | 154 Ah ÷ 200 Ah = 1 |
| String voltage | 32 × 12 V = 384 V |
| Installed capacity | 1 × 200 Ah = 200 Ah |
| Actual runtime | (200 Ah × 384 V × 0.94 × 0.9 × 0.5) ÷ 50 kW = 39 min |
| Estimated recharge | 200 Ah ÷ 20 A (0.1C) × 1.1 ≈ 11.0 h |
| Equipment | Spec | Qty | Subtotal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Online double-conversion UPS | 80 kVA / 72 kW · 384 V DC bus | 1 | POA |
| VRLA lead-acid (12 V block) battery bank | 32S×1P (32 blocks, 200 Ah @ 384 V) | 1 | POA |
| Battery charger / rectifier | 20 A charging current | 1 | POA |
| Total equipment (UPS + charger) | POA |
Contoh 2 — beban 120 kW, 60 menit, baterai lithium
| Step | Value |
|---|---|
| Load apparent power | S = P ÷ PF = 120 kW ÷ 0.9 = 133.3 kVA |
| Required UPS (loading factor) | 133.3 ÷ 0.8 = 166.7 kVA → standard 200 kVA |
| Battery energy | E = P·t ÷ (ηinv·ηbat·DOD) = 120 kW × 1.00 h ÷ (0.94 × 0.95 × 0.9) = 149.31 kWh |
| Total battery capacity | 149.31 kWh ÷ 480 V = 311 Ah |
| Series blocks per string | 480 V ÷ 48 V = 10 |
| Parallel strings | 311 Ah ÷ 350 Ah = 1 |
| String voltage | 10 × 48 V = 480 V |
| Installed capacity | 1 × 350 Ah = 350 Ah |
| Actual runtime | (350 Ah × 480 V × 0.94 × 0.95 × 0.9) ÷ 120 kW = 68 min |
| Estimated recharge | 350 Ah ÷ 35 A (0.1C) × 1.1 ≈ 11.0 h |
| Equipment | Spec | Qty | Subtotal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Online double-conversion UPS | 200 kVA / 180 kW · 480 V DC bus | 1 | POA |
| LiFePO₄ lithium (48 V module) battery bank | 10S×1P (10 blocks, 350 Ah @ 480 V) | 1 | POA |
| Battery charger / rectifier | 35 A charging current | 1 | POA |
| Total equipment (UPS + charger) | POA |
Cara perhitungannya
- · Daya semu beban: S = P ÷ PF.
- · Rating UPS yang dibutuhkan: S_UPS = S ÷ faktor pembebanan (biasanya 0,8), dibulatkan ke atas ke ukuran standar.
- · Energi baterai: E = P · t ÷ (η_inv · η_bat · DOD).
- · Kapasitas baterai: Ah = E ÷ V_dc; blok seri = V_dc ÷ V_block; string paralel = Ah yang dibutuhkan ÷ Ah blok.
- · Waktu backup aktual: t = (Ah terpasang · V_dc · η_inv · η_bat · DOD) ÷ P.
Standar yang dirujuk
| Standard | Scope |
|---|---|
| IEC 62040-3 | Sistem uninterruptible power — metode penentuan kinerja dan persyaratan pengujian |
| IEEE 1184 | Panduan baterai untuk sistem uninterruptible power supply |
| IEEE 485 | Praktik yang direkomendasikan untuk sizing baterai lead-acid untuk aplikasi stasioner |
Pertanyaan yang sering diajukan
How do I size a UPS for my load?
UPS kVA = load kW / Power Factor, plus 20-30% margin and future growth. A 40 kW IT load at 0.9 pf needs ~44 kVA, so select 60 kVA. Add margin for inrush and non-linear loads. The calculator sizes UPS kVA, battery Ah and runtime.
How is UPS battery runtime calculated?
Runtime depends on battery capacity (Ah), string voltage, load and efficiency. For a 40 kW load on a 240 V battery string, a 100 Ah bank gives roughly 20-30 minutes. The calculator computes actual runtime from battery blocks, DoD and load, and reports recharge time.
What is the difference between online and line-interactive UPS?
Online (double-conversion) UPS continuously rectifies and inverts, giving zero transfer time and full power conditioning — required for data centers. Line-interactive passes utility power and corrects only on events, cheaper but with a brief transfer. The calculator's sizing assumes online double-conversion for critical loads.
What battery type is used in UPS systems?
Valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) dominates UPS for low cost and maintenance-free operation, with a 3-5 year typical life. Lithium (LFP) is gaining share for longer life (10+ years), smaller footprint and higher cycle count, at 2-3x the upfront cost. The calculator sizes the battery bank for either chemistry.
How much runtime do I need before the generator starts?
Battery runtime must bridge to generator start, typically 5-15 minutes (generators reach full load in 30-60 s). Without a generator, size for 30-60 minutes for graceful shutdown. Longer runtime adds cost roughly linearly. The calculator lets you set runtime and sizes the battery accordingly.
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