Capacity
50 MW AC
Kalkulator Interkoneksi Pembangkit PV + Jaringan
Rancang interkoneksi pembangkit listrik tenaga surya berskala MW — tingkat tegangan, peningkatan gardu induk, kompensasi reaktif, kepatuhan terhadap peraturan jaringan listrik, dan keekonomian biaya penuh — dalam satu alat.
Rancang interkoneksi PV Anda
Contoh referensi yang telah dihitung sebelumnya (dapat dirayapi, tidak memerlukan JavaScript). Masukkan parameter Anda sendiri di atas untuk desain langsung.
Bagaimana cara menghitungnya
· Voltage level (A): capacity → 10/35/110 kV POI by typical threshold (≤6 / 6–30 / >30 MW).
· Main transformer (C): MVA = P/0.95 × 1.1 → next standard; vector group YNd11, OLTC (IEC 60076).
· Reactive (D2): dynamic range ±(15–25)% of rating → SVG; shunt reactor absorbs cable/OHL charging (GB/T 29321-2026).
· PV short-circuit (D4): inverter current-source contribution ≈ 1.2 × rated (IEEE 1547 / IEC 60909).
· Generation (F): P50 = PAC × GHI × 365 × PR; P75/P90 = P50 × (1 − 0.674σ / 1.28σ), σ = 4%.
· LCOE (G): full-cost = (CAPEX + Σ(O&M + inverter replacement) discounted) ÷ Σ(generation discounted), WACC discounting, degradation included.
Standar yang direferensikan
| Standard | Scope |
|---|---|
| GB/T 19964 | 光伏发电站接入电力系统技术规定 — PV power-station grid interconnection technical requirements: voltage/frequency ride-through, active-power control, reactive-power capability and power-quality limits at the point of interconnection. |
| GB/T 29321-2026 | 光伏发电站无功补偿技术规范 — Reactive-power compensation for PV power stations — dynamic reactive range and compensation equipment (SVG, shunt reactor/capacitor). |
| GB/T 50065 | 交流电气装置的接地设计规范 — Earthing design for AC electrical installations, including substation grounding grids and step/touch voltage verification. |
| GB/T 14549 | 电能质量 公用电网谐波 — Harmonic current limits for equipment connected to the public supply network. |
| IEC 60076 | Power transformers — Power-transformer ratings, impedance, vector groups, tap-changers and cooling (basis for main-transformer selection). |
| IEC 62271 | High-voltage switchgear and controlgear — HV switchgear ratings — breaking current, busbar and GIS/AIS (basis for collector/substation switchgear). |
| IEC 60287 | Electric cables — calculation of the current rating — Cable ampacity calculation (basis for collector cable sizing). |
| IEC 60364 | Low-voltage electrical installations — LV installation and protection requirements. |
| IEC 60909 | Short-circuit currents in three-phase AC systems — Short-circuit current calculation (basis for POI fault level and protection grading). |
| IEC 61727 | Photovoltaic (PV) systems — characteristics of the utility interface — PV utility-interface characteristics, including power quality and protection requirements. |
| IEC 61000 | Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — EMC and power-quality (harmonics/flicker) limits. |
| IEEE 1547 | Standard for interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources — DER interconnection requirements: voltage/frequency ride-through, power control and anti-islanding. |
| EN 50549 | Requirements for generating plants connected in parallel with distribution networks — European grid-code requirements for generating plants at the distribution level. |
| VDE-AR-N 4105/4110/4120 | German technical connection rules (low / medium / high voltage) — German grid-connection codes for generators at LV/MV/HV. |
| SGCC 接入设计深度规定 | 国网《光伏发电站接入系统设计内容深度规定》 — State Grid Corporation of China regulation on the required depth/content of PV power-station interconnection-system design. |
Pertanyaan yang sering diajukan
At what voltage should a PV plant connect to the grid?
Connection voltage follows plant size: under ~250 kW use 0.4 kV, 250 kW-6 MW use 10 kV, and above 6 MW use 35 kV or 110 kV. A 50 MW plant typically connects at 110 kV. The choice balances Transformer losses against interconnection cost; grid operators specify the exact point of connection. The calculator selects voltage and main-transformer rating automatically.
How much reactive compensation does a PV plant need?
Grid codes (GB/T 19964, IEEE 1547) require PV inverters to operate within a 0.95 leading to 0.95 lagging power-factor range and often to supply reactive support during faults. Large plants usually add a centralized SVG/SVC of 10-30% of plant capacity. A 50 MW plant commonly pairs a 10-15 Mvar dynamic compensator to meet grid-code voltage support.
What short-circuit contribution does a PV inverter add?
A grid-following PV inverter contributes roughly 1.0-1.2 times its rated current for a few cycles, far less than a synchronous generator (5-7 times rated). For a 50 MW plant the contribution is ~60-70 MVA. This matters when checking breaker and transformer fault ratings; the calculator folds PV short-circuit contribution into the interconnection study.
What is the typical collector system voltage in a PV plant?
Large PV plants gather strings through 800 V DC to central or string inverters, then step up through a 0.8 kV to 10 kV or 35 kV collector network. String inverters (up to 250 kW) feed a 10 kV collector; central inverters (500 kW-3 MW) feed 35 kV. Collector cable runs are typically 5-20 km, sized for under 2% voltage drop.
How is the main transformer sized for a PV plant?
The main transformer rating matches inverter AC capacity divided by Power Factor, with 5-10% margin and the next standard size (IEC 60076). A 50 MWac plant with 0.95 pf needs roughly 55 MVA, so select 63 MVA. Most PV main transformers are oil-immersed, ONAN, 35/110 kV, with a No-Load Loss limit set by GB/T 6451 efficiency grades.
What grid-code compliance checks does interconnection require?
Key checks per GB/T 19963/19964 and IEEE 1547 include: low/high-voltage ride-through, frequency ride-through (typically 47.5-51.5 Hz), power-factor capability, ramp-rate limits, and anti-islanding. The calculator verifies voltage-level fit, main-transformer sizing, reactive compensation and fault contribution, flagging parameters that fall outside the typical grid-code envelope.
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